volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Metallic pipelines have attendant problems of alternating current (AC) assisted corrosion when installed in the utility corridor with high voltage transmission lines. Research studies in the past and recent years have shown that this corrosion is a primary function of the AC density through the pipe coating defect. While several other AC corrosion risk assessment indices have been proposed, the AC density is regarded as a valuable parameter in assessing pipeline corrosion risk due to AC interference. Also, there exists a threshold value which, if exceeded, guarantees the possibility of pipeline corrosion damage. However, for buried pipelines, monitoring these AC corrosion assessment indices is a major challenge. Therefore, to avoid severe corrosion damage to such pipelines, a corrosion assessment for evaluating the corrosion risk of the pipelines due to AC interference is presented in this paper. The assessment was demonstrated on a buried pipeline in one of the Rand Water sites, South Africa where AC interference is frequent. The overall simulation results yield useful information which may be essential for pipeline operators, most especially Rand Water, South Africa and corrosion engineers for AC corrosion assessment of metallic pipelines installed near transmission lines. The analysis presented in this paper may also be used for the evaluation of a safe position for installing new pipelines near existing power lines right-of-way.

1. Ouadah, M., O. Touhami, and R. Ibtiouen, "Diagnosis of the AC current densities effect on the cathodic protection performance of the steel X70 for a buried pipeline due to electromagnetic interference caused by HVPTL," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 45, 163-171, 2016.
doi:10.2528/PIERM15101103 Google Scholar

2. Ponnle, A. A., K. B. Adedeji, B. T. Abe, and A. A. Jimoh, "Variation in phase shift of multi-circuits HVTLs phase conductor arrangements on the induced voltage on buried pipeline: A theoretical study," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 69, 75-86, 2016.
doi:10.2528/PIERB16062308 Google Scholar

3. Ponnle, A. A., K. B. Adedeji, B. T. Abe, and A. A. Jimoh, "Variation in phase shift of phase arrangements on magnetic field underneath overhead double-circuit HVTLs: Field distribution and polarization study," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 56, 157-167, 2017.
doi:10.2528/PIERM16110304 Google Scholar

4. Cotton, I., C. Charalambous, P. Aylott, and P. Ernst, "Stray current control in DC mass transit systems," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 54, No. 2, 722-730, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2004.842462 Google Scholar

5. Ogunsola, A., A. Mariscotti, and L. Sandrolini, "Estimation of stray current from a DC-electrified railway and impressed potential on a buried pipe," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2238-2246, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2012.2211623 Google Scholar

6. Ouadah, M. H., O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen, and M. Zergoug, "Method for diagnosis of the effect of AC on the X70 pipeline due to an inductive coupling caused by HVPL," IET Science, Measurement & Technology, Vol. 11, No. 6, 766-772, 2017.
doi:10.1049/iet-smt.2016.0519 Google Scholar

7. Ouadah, M., O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen, M. F. Benlamnouar, and M. Zergoug, "Corrosive effects of the electromagnetic induction caused by the high voltage power lines on buried X70 steel pipelines," InternatioJournal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 91, 34-41, 2017.
doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.03.005 Google Scholar

8. Funk, D., W. Prinz, and H. Schoneich, "Investigations of AC corrosion in cathodically protected pipes," Ochrona Przed Korozja, Vol. 36, No. 10, 225-228, 1993. Google Scholar

9. Xu, L., X. Su, Z. Yin, Y. Tang, and Y. Cheng, "Development of a real-time AC/DC data acquisition technique for studies of AC corrosion of pipelines," Corrosion Science, Vol. 61, 215-223, 2012.
doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2012.04.038 Google Scholar

10. Jiang, Z., Y. Du, M. Lu, Y. Zhang, D. Tang, and L. Dong, "New findings on the factors accelerating AC corrosion of buried pipeline," Corrosion Science, Vol. 81, 1-10, 2014.
doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2013.09.005 Google Scholar

11. Christoforidis, G. C., D. P. Labridis, and P. S. Dokopoulos, "Inductive interference calculation on imperfect coated pipelines due to nearby faulted parallel transmission lines," Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 66, 139-148, 2003.
doi:10.1016/S0378-7796(03)00018-X Google Scholar

12. Qi, L., H. Yuan, Y. Wu, and X. Cui, "Calculation of overvoltage on nearby underground metal pipeline due to the lightning strike on UHV AC transmission line tower," Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 94, 54-63, 2013.
doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2012.06.011 Google Scholar

13. Bond, W. R., "The effect of overhead AC power line paralleling ductile iron pipelines," Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association, 1-8, Birmingham, 1997. Google Scholar

14. NACE RP0177 "Mitigation of alternating current and lightning effects on metallic structures and corrosion control systems," NACE International Standard Practice, Houston, Texas, 2007. Google Scholar

15. CEN/TS12954 "Cathodic protection of buried or immersed metallic structures: General principles and application for pipelines," European Technical Specification, Germany, 2001. Google Scholar

16. Schoneich, H. G., "Discussion of criteria to assess the alternating current corrosion risk of cathodically protected pipelines," Proceedings of the 2004 CEOCOR Congress, Dresden, Germany, Jun. 15–16, 2004. Google Scholar

17. Riegel, K., "Effect of cathodic protection levels and defect geometry on the AC corrosion on pipelines," Proceedings of the CEOCOR Congress, Malaga, Spain, May 9–11, 2007. Google Scholar

18. Buchler, M., C. Voute, and H. Schoneich, "The effect of variation of ac interference over time on the corrosion of cathodically protected pipelines," Proceedings of the 2009 CEOCOR Congress, 13-21, Vienna, Austria, May 26–29, 2009. Google Scholar

19. Micu, D. D., G. C. Christoforidis, and L. Czumbil, "AC interference on pipelines due to double circuit power lines: A detailed study," Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 103, 1-8, 2013.
doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2013.04.008 Google Scholar

20. CEN/TS15280 "Evaluation of AC corrosion likelihood of buried pipelines-application to cathodically protected pipelines," Technical Specification, CEN-European Committee for Standardization, 2006. Google Scholar

21. Philip, S. D., "Overview of HVAC transmission line interference issues on buried pipelines," Proceedings of the NACE Northern Area Western Conference, Alberta, Canada, Feb. 15–18, 2010. Google Scholar

22. Nelson, J. P., "Power systems in close proximity to pipelines," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 1A-22, No. 1, 435-441, 1986.
doi:10.1109/TIA.1986.4504739 Google Scholar

23. Djekidel, R. and D. Mahi, "Calculation and analysis of inductive coupling effects for HV transmission lines on aerial pipelines," Przegld Elektrotechniczny, Vol. 90, No. 9, 151-156, 2014. Google Scholar

24. Christoforidis, G. C., D. P. Labridis, and P. S. Dokopoulos, "A hybrid method for calculating the inductive interference caused by faulted power lines to nearby buried pipelines," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 2, 1465-1473, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2004.839186 Google Scholar

25. Satsios, K. J., D. P. Labridis, and P. S. Dokopoulos, "Finite-element computation of field and eddy currents of a system consisting of a power transmission line above conductors buried in nonhomogeneous earth," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 3, 876-882, 1998.
doi:10.1109/61.686987 Google Scholar

26. Popoli, A., A. Cristofolini, L. Sandrolini, B. T. Abe, and A. Jimoh, "Assessment of AC interference caused by transmission lines on buried metallic pipelines using FEM," 2017 ACES Symposium, Florence, Italy, Mar. 26–30, 2017. Google Scholar

27. Carson, J. R., "Wave propagation in overhead wires with ground return," Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 5, 539-554, 1926.
doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1926.tb00122.x Google Scholar

28. Pollaczek, F., "Sur le champ produit par un conducteur simple infiniment long parcouru par un courant alternatif," Revue Gen, Elec., Vol. 29, 851-867, 1931. Google Scholar

29. Wedepohl, L. M. and D. J.Wilcox, "Transient analysis of underground power-transmission systems. System model and wave-propagation characteristics," Proceedings of the IEE, Vol. 120, No. 2, 253-260, 1971. Google Scholar

30. Lucca, G., "Mutual impedance between an overhead and a buried line with earth return," Proceedings of the 9th IET International Conference on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 80-86, Manchester, UK, Sep. 5–7, 1994. Google Scholar

31. Yoshihiro, B., A. Ametani, T. Yoneda, and N. Nagaoka, "An investigation of earth return impedance between overhead and underground conductors and its approximation," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 5, No. 3, 860-867, 2009. Google Scholar

32. CIGRE "Guide on the influence of high voltage AC power systems on metallic pipelines," CIGRE Working Group 36.02 Technical Brochure, No. 095, 1995. Google Scholar

33. Eskom Guideline on the Electrical Co-ordination of Pipeline and Power Lines, Paper No. 240-66418968, 25–73, 2015.

34. Lietai, Y., Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring, Wood Head Publishing Limited, 2008.

35. Dobrzanski, L. A., Z. Brytan, A. M. Grande, and M. Rosso, "Corrosion resistance of sintered duplex stainless steel evaluated by electrochemical method," Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 1, 38-45, 2006. Google Scholar

Dr. Kazeem Bolade Adedeji

Dr. Akinlolu A. Ponnle

Dr. Bolanle Tolulope Abe

Dr. Adisa A. Jimoh

Dr. Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz

Dr. Yskandar Hamam