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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2019-04-17
Decay Length Estimation of Single-, Two-, and Three-Wire Systems Above Ground Under HEMP Excitation
By
Salvatore Campione,

    Dr. Salvatore Campione

    Electromagnetic Theory Department

    Sandia National Laboratories

    USA

    Homepage

Larry Kevin Warne,

    Dr. Larry Kevin Warne

    Sandia National Laboratories

    USA

    Homepage

Matthew Halligan,

    Dr. Matthew Halligan

    Sandia National Laboratories

    USA

    Homepage

Olga Lavrova,

    Dr. Olga Lavrova

    Sandia National Laboratories

    USA

    Homepage

Luis San Martin

    Dr. Luis San Martin

    Sandia National Laboratories

    USA

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 84, 23-42, 2019
doi:10.2528/PIERB19010803 | Google Scholar

Abstract
We analytically model single-, two-, and three-wires above ground to determine the decay lengths of common and differential modes induced by an E1 high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) excitation. Decay length information is pivotal to determine whether any two nodes in the power grid may be treated as uncoupled. We employ a frequency-domain method based on transmission line theory named ATLOG - Analytic Transmission Line Over Ground to model infinitely long and finite single wires, as well as solve the eigenvalue problem of a single-, two-, and three-wire system. Our calculations show that a single, semi-infinite power line can be approximated by a 10 km section of line and that the second electrical reflection for all line lengths longer than the decay length are below half the rated operating voltage. Furthermore, our results show that the differential mode propagates longer distances than the common mode in two- and three-wire systems, and this should be taken into account when performing damage assessment from HEMP excitation. This analysis is a significant step toward simplifying the modeling of practical continental grid lengths, yet maintaining accuracy, a result of enormous impact.
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Citation
Salvatore Campione, Larry Kevin Warne, Matthew Halligan, Olga Lavrova, and Luis San Martin, "Decay Length Estimation of Single-, Two-, and Three-Wire Systems Above Ground Under HEMP Excitation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 84, 23-42, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERB19010803
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