2020-03-13
Performance Analysis of Near-Field Magnetic Induction Communication in Extreme Environments
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 90, 77-83, 2020
Abstract
Ultra-reliable and low-power wireless communications are desirable for wireless networking in extreme environments such as underground tunnels, underwater, and soil. Existing wireless technologies using electromagnetic (EM) waves suffer from unpredictable multipath fading and blockage. The recent development of magnetic induction (MI) communication provides a low-power and reliable solution, which demonstrates negligible multipath fading, high penetration efficiency, and low attenuation loss in lossy media. However, existing works neglect the fact that MI communication only demonstrates such advantages in the near-field, beyond which the MI communication converges to electromagnetic wave-based communication and all the aforementioned advantages disappear. This letter develops a magnetic field propagation model to show MI communication's different performances in the near-field and the far-field. We develop rigorous models to capture the multipath fading, the penetration efficiency through inhomogeneous media, and the attenuation loss in lossy media. The results show that although MI communication can provide reasonable signals in the far-field, it only demonstrates negligible multipath fading, high penetration efficiency, and low attenuation loss in the near-field.
Citation
Hongzhi Guo, "Performance Analysis of Near-Field Magnetic Induction Communication in Extreme Environments," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 90, 77-83, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERL20010702
References

1. Constantine, A. B., et al. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., John wiley & sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2005.

2. Chew, W. C., Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media, IEEE Press, 1996.

3. Goldsmith, A., Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
doi:10.1017/CBO9780511841224

4. Gulbahar, B. and O. B. Akan, "A communication theoretical modeling and analysis of underwater magneto-inductive wireless channels," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 11, No. 9, 3326-3334, IEEE, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TWC.2012.070912.111943        Google Scholar

5. Guo, H., Z. Sun, and P. Wang, "Channel modeling of mi underwater communication using tri-directional coil antenna," 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 1-6, IEEE, 2015.        Google Scholar

6. Guo, H., Z. Sun, and P. Wang, "On reliability of underwater magnetic induction communications with tri-axis coils," ICC 2019-2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1-6, IEEE, 2019.        Google Scholar

7. Kim, H.-J., K. Kim, S. Han, D.-W. Seo, and J.-W. Choi, "Nearly non-coupling coil array allowing many independent channels for magnetic communication," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 34190-34197, IEEE, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2849093        Google Scholar

8. Kisseleff, S., I. F. Akyildiz, and W. H. Gerstacker, "Digital signal transmission in magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 63, No. 6, 2300-2311, IEEE, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2015.2425891        Google Scholar

9. Li, Y., S. Wang, C. Jin, Y. Zhang, and T. Jiang, "A survey of underwater magnetic induction communications: fundamental issues, recent advances, and challenges," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, 2019.        Google Scholar

10. Pal, A. and K. Kant, "NFMI: Connectivity for short-range IoT applications," Computer, Vol. 52, No. 2, 63-67, IEEE, 2019.
doi:10.1109/MC.2019.2892862        Google Scholar

11. Sun, Z. and I. F. Akyildiz, "Magnetic induction communications for wireless underground sensor networks," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 7, 2426-2435, IEEE, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2048858        Google Scholar