volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this research work, a planar crossed exponentially tapered slot antenna with a multi-resonance function is introduced. The presented antenna design is ascertained on a low-cost Rogers 5870 dielectric with a circular schematic. The antenna is designed to support several frequency spectrums of the current and future wireless communications. The configuration of the design contains a pair of crossed exponentially tapered slots intersected by a star-shaped slot in the back layer and a bowtie-shaped radiation stub with a discrete feeding point extended among the stub parts. The crossed exponential slots exhibit a wide impedance, and the star slot generates an extra resonance at the upper frequencies. For S₁₁ ≤ -6, the antenna provides a wide operation band of 1.7 to 5.9 GHz supporting several frequency bands of 3G, 4G, and 5G communication. The fundamental characteristics of the proposed slot radiator are studied, and good performances have been achieved.

1. Kumar, G. and K. P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Artech House Inc., Norwood, MA, 2003.

2. Salonen, P., et al. "A small planar inverted-F antenna for wearable applications," IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 96-100, 1999. Google Scholar

3. Ojaroudi, M., et al. "Dual band-notch small square monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth characteristics for UWB applications," ACES Journal, Vol. 25, 420-426, 2012. Google Scholar

4. Al-Yasir, Y. I. A., et al. "A new polarization-reconfigurable antenna for 5G applications," Electronics, Vol. 7, 293, 2018.
doi:10.3390/electronics7110293 Google Scholar

5. Ojaroudi, N. and N. Ghadimi, "Dual-band CPW-fed slot antenna for LTE and WiBro applications," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 56, 1013-1015, 2014.
doi:10.1002/mop.28254 Google Scholar

6. Ojaroudiparchin, N., M. Shen, and G. F. Pedersen, "Investigation on the performance of low-profile insensitive antenna with improved radiation characteristics for the future 5G applications," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 58, 2148-2158, 2016.
doi:10.1002/mop.29994 Google Scholar

7. Parchin, N. O., et al. "Recent developments of reconfigurable antennas for current and future wireless communication systems," Electronics, Vol. 8, 128, 2019.
doi:10.3390/electronics8020128 Google Scholar

8. Ojaroudi, N., et al. "An omnidirectional PIFA for downlink and uplink satellite applications in C-band," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 56, 2684-2686, 2014.
doi:10.1002/mop.28672 Google Scholar

9. Ojaroudi, N. and N. Ghadimi, "Design of CPW-fed slot antenna for MIMO system applications," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 56, 1278-1281, 2014.
doi:10.1002/mop.28346 Google Scholar

10. Ren, Z., S. Wu, and A. Zhao, "Triple band MIMO antenna system for 5G mobile terminals," 2019 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 163-165, Miami, FL, USA, 2019. Google Scholar

11. Ojaroudiparchin, N., M. Shen, and G. F. Pedersen, "8 × 8 planar phased array antenna with high efficiency and insensitivity properties for 5G mobile base stations," EuCAP 2016, 1-5, Davos, Switzerland, 2016. Google Scholar

12. Parchin, N. O. and R. A. Abd-Alhameed, "A compact Vivaldi antenna array for 5G channel sounding applications," EuCAP, London, UK, 2018. Google Scholar

13. Ojaroudi Parchin, N., H. J. Basherlou, and R. A. Abd-Alhameed, "Dual circularly polarized crescent-shaped slot antenna for 5G front-end systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 91, 41-48, 2020. Google Scholar

14. Ojaroudi, N., H. Ojaroudi, and N. Ghadimi, "Quadband planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for wireless communication systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 45, 51-56, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIERL14012403 Google Scholar

15. Hussain, R., et al. "Compact 4G MIMO antenna integrated with a 5G array for current and future mobile handsets," IET Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 11, 271-279, 2017.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2016.0738 Google Scholar

16. Parchin, N. O., et al. "A radiation-beam switchable antenna array for 5G smartphones," 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium --- Fall (PIERS --- FALL), 1769-1774, Xiamen, China, Dec. 17-20, 2019. Google Scholar

17. Parchin, N. O., et al. "Microwave/RF components for 5G front-end systems," Avid Science, 1-200, 2019. Google Scholar

18. Parchin, N. O., "Multi-band MIMO antenna design with user-impact investigation for 4G and 5G mobile terminals ," Sensors, Vol. 19, 456, 2019.
doi:10.3390/s19030456 Google Scholar

19. Parchin, N. O., et al. "Dual-polarized multi-antenna system for massive MIMO cellular communications," International Journal of Information and Communication Engineering, Vol. 14, 140-144, 2020. Google Scholar

20. Gozalvez, J., "5G worldwide developments [mobile radio]," IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., Vol. 12, 4-11, 2017. Google Scholar

21. Bonfante, A., et al. "5G massive MIMO architectures: self-backhauled small cells versus direct access," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 68, 10003-10017, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2019.2937652 Google Scholar

22. "5G in the Sub-6GHz spectrum bands,", [Online], Available: http://www.rcrwireless.com/20160815/fundamentals/5g-sub-6ghztag31-tag99.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2019.2937652 Google Scholar

23. 5G NR (New Radio), Accessed: Dec. 12, 2018, [Online], Available: http://3gpp.org/. Google Scholar

24. Parchin, N. O., et al. "A substrate-insensitive antenna array with broad bandwidth and high efficiency for 5G mobile terminals," 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium --- Fall (PIERS --- FALL), 1764-1768, Xiamen, China, Dec. 17-20, 2019. Google Scholar

25. Parchin, N. O., et al. "High-performance Yagi-Uda antenna array for 28 GHz mobile communications," 23th Telecommunications Forum, TELFOR 2019, Belgrade, Serbia, Nov. 25-27, 2019. Google Scholar

26. Parchin, N. O., et al. "Eight-port MIMO antenna system for 2.6 GHz LTE cellular communications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 99, 49-59, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERC19111704 Google Scholar

27. Basherlou, H. J., et al. "MIMO monopole antenna design with improved isolation for 5G WiFi applications," International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Science, Vol. 7, 1-5, 2019.
doi:10.18178/ijeee.7.1.1-5 Google Scholar

28. Parchin, N. O., et al. "Frequency reconfigurable antenna array with compact end-fire radiators for 4G/5G mobile handsets," IEEE 2nd 5G World Forum (5GWF), Dresden, Germany, 2019. Google Scholar

29. CST Microwave Studio, ver. 2018, CST, Framingham, MA, USA, 2018.

30. Costa, J. R. and C. A. Fernandes, "Broadband slot feed for integrated lens antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 6, 396-400, 2007.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2007.900954 Google Scholar

31. Costa, J. R. and C. A. Fernandes, "Crossed exponentially tapered slot antenna for UWB applications," 2008 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1-4, San Diego, CA, 2008. Google Scholar

32. Valizade, A., et al. "CPW-fed small slot antenna with reconfigurable circular polarization and impedance bandwidth characteristics for DCS/WiMAX applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 65-72, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERC14122901 Google Scholar

33. Ojaroudi, N., et al. "Enhanced bandwidth of small square monopole antenna by using inverted U-shaped slot and conductor-backed plane," Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES), Vol. 27, 685-690, 2012. Google Scholar

34. Valizade, A., et al. "Band-notch slot antenna with enhanced bandwidth by using Ω-shaped strips protruded inside rectangular slots for UWB applications," Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. (ACES) J., Vol. 27, 816-822, 2012. Google Scholar

35. Costa, J. R., C. R. Medeiros, and C. A. Fernandes, "Performance of a Crossed Exponentially Tapered Slot Antenna for UWB Systems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 5, 1345-1352, May 2009. Google Scholar

36. Jamesn, J. R. and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., London, 1989.

37. Ojaroudi, N., "Circular microstrip antenna with dual band-stop performance for ultra-wideban systems," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 56, 2095-2098, 2014. Google Scholar

38. Parchin, N. O., et al. "Reconfigurable phased array 5G smartphone antenna for cognitive cellular networks," 23th Telecommunications Forum, TELFOR 2019, Belgrade, Serbia, Nov. 25-27, 2019. Google Scholar

39. Parchin, N. O., et al. "UWB mm-wave antenna array with quasi omnidirectional beams for 5G handheld devices," IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB), Nanjing, China, 2016. Google Scholar

40. Ojaroudi, N., et al. "Compact ultra-wideband monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidt-hand dual band-stop properties," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 346-357, 2014. Google Scholar

41. Parchin, N. O., et al. "MM-wave phased array Quasi-Yagi antenna for the upcoming 5G cellularcommunications," Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, 1-14, 2019. Google Scholar

42. Parchin, N. O., H. J. Basherlou, and R. A. Abd-Alhameed, "UWB microstrip-fed slot antenna with improved bandwidth and dual notched bands using protruded parasitic strips," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 101, 261-273, 2020. Google Scholar

43. Musavand, A., et al. "A compact UWB slot antenna with reconfigurable band-notched function for multimode applications," Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, 975-980, 2016. Google Scholar

44. Parchin, N. O., "Low-profile air-filled antenna for next generation wireless systems," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 97, 3293-3300, 2017. Google Scholar

45. Mazloum, J., A. Ghorashi, M. Ojaroudi, and N. Ojaroudi, "Compact triple-band S-shaped monopole diversity antenna for MIMO applications," Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., Vol. 30, 975-980, 2015. Google Scholar

46. Elfergani, I. T. E., A. S. Hussaini, J. Rodriguez, and R. Abd-Alhameed, Antenna Fundamentals for Legacy Mobile Applications and Beyond, 1-659, Springer, Switzerland, 2017.

47. Ojaroudi, N., "Design of microstrip antenna for 2.4/5.8 GHz RFID applications," German Microwave Conference, GeMic 2014, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Mar. 10-12, 2014. Google Scholar

48. Siahkal-Mahalle, B. H., et al. "Enhanced bandwidth small square monopole antenna with band-notched functions for UWB wireless communications," Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, 759-765, 2012. Google Scholar

49. Parchin, N. O., et al. "A closely spaced dual-band MIMO patch antenna with reduced mutual coupling for 4G/5G applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 101, 71-80, 2020. Google Scholar

50. Parchin, N. O., et al. "Design of multi-mode antenna array for use in next-generation mobile handsets," Sensors, Vol. 20, 2447, 2020. Google Scholar

Dr. Naser Ojaroudi Parchin

Dr. Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou

Prof. Raed A. Abd-Alhameed