volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

For the application of electro-magnetic (EM) wave with orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is also called the vortex beam, it is essential to determine the real OAM mode of the transmit antenna, i.e., accurately measure the OAM mode of the manufactured antenna with systematic error. The traditional methods measure the OAM mode based on the OAM far-field approximation or the phase gradient in the transverse plane. The corresponding performance degrades when alignment error is not negligible or OAM modes increases. In this paper, an accurate OAM measurement of EM wave based on rotational antenna is proposed. Specifically, the EM beam with helical phase fronts can be well measured via frequency shift detection by rotating the OAM wave at the transmitter. The accuracy can be greatly improved compared with the traditional ways.

1. Allen, L., M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. C. Spreeuw, and J. P. Woerdman, "Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes," Phys. Rev., Vol. A45, 8185, 1992.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8185 Google Scholar

2. Mair, A., A. Vaziri, G. Weihs, and A. Zeilinger, "Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons," Nature, Vol. 412, No. 313, 2001. Google Scholar

3. Grier, D. G., "A revolution in optical manipulation," Nature, Vol. 424, No. 810, 2003. Google Scholar

4. Arshad, K., Aman-ur-Rehman, and S. Mahmood, "Kinetic study of ion acoustic twisted waves with kappa distributed electrons," Phys. Plasmas, Vol. 23, No. 052107, 2016. Google Scholar

5. Arshad, K., M. Lazar, S. Mahmood, Aman-ur-Rehman, and S. Poedts, "Kinetic study of electrostatic twisted waves instability in nonthermal dusty plasmas," Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, No. 033701, 2017. Google Scholar

6. Arshad, K., M. Lazar, and S. Poedts, "Quasi-electrostatic twisted waves in Lorentzian dusty plasmas," Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 156, 139-146, 2018.
doi:10.1016/j.pss.2017.10.013 Google Scholar

7. Thide, B., H. Then, J. Sjoholm, K. Palmer, J. Bergman, T. D. Carozzi, and R. Khamitova, "Utilization of photon orbital angular momentum in the low-frequency radio domain," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 99, No. 087701, 2007. Google Scholar

8. Mahmouli, F. E. and S. D. Walker, "4-Gbps uncompressed video transmission over a 60-GHz orbital angular momentum wireless channel," IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, Vol. 2, No. 2, 223-226, 2013.
doi:10.1109/WCL.2013.012513.120686 Google Scholar

9. Hui, X., S. Zheng, Y. Hu, C. Xu, X. Jin, H. Chi, and X. Zhang, "Ultralow reflectivity spiral phase plate for generation of millimeter-wave OAM beam," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 966-969, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2387431 Google Scholar

10. Mohammadi, S. M., L. K. Daldorff, J. E. Bergman, R. L. Karlsson, B. Thide, K. Forozesh, and B. Isham, "Orbital angular momentum in radio — A system study," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 2, 565-572, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2037701 Google Scholar

11. Mohammadi, S. M., L. K. Daldorff, K. Forozesh, B. Thide, J. E. Bergman, B. Isham, and T. D. Carozzi, "Orbital angular momentum in radio: Measurement methods," Radio Science, Vol. 45, No. RS4007, 2010. Google Scholar

12. Zhang, C. and L. Ma, "Millimetre wave with rotational orbital angular momentum," Sci. Rep., Vol. 6, No. 31921, 2016. Google Scholar

13. Andrews, D. L. and M. Babiker, The Angular Momentum of Light, 115-125, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
doi:10.1017/CBO9780511795213

14. Turnbull, G. A., D. A. Robertson, G. M. Smith, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, "The generation of free-space Laguerre-Gaussian modes at millimetre-wave frequencies by use of a spiral phaseplate," Optics Comm., Vol. 127, 183-188, 1996.
doi:10.1016/0030-4018(96)00070-3 Google Scholar

Dr. Yuming Nie

Dr. Gaohua Ju

Dr. Jiarun Chen

Dr. Lu Ma

Dr. Yufei Zhao