volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a novel all-metallic probe-fed antenna is proposed for L5, L1, and S bands for Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) applications, and it can be used for tracking applications. The proposed antenna dimensions are 30 mm x 80 mm x 8 mm (0.11λ x 0.31λ x 0.03λ) electrical size calculated at 1176.45 MHz (L5). The radiating plane has a comb like structure where there are 8 slots which are of identical size 24 mm x 1 mm and a short slot with 6 mm x 1 mm. The ground plane is 30 mm offset with respect to the radiating plane (top plane). Usually, a high dielectric substrate antenna can resonate at lower frequencies keeping the size of the antenna electrically small, but without substrate the proposed antenna resonates at lower frequencies keeping the antenna size electrically small. The proposed design is electrically compact and economical, and the dielectric loss in the antenna is zero as the antenna is designed with copper alone, which gives a strong impression that a substrate free antenna can resonate at lower frequencies. So, from this method it can also make the antenna light weight.

1. Choudhary, S. D., A. Srivastava, and M. Kumar, "Design of single-fed dual-polarized dual-band slotted patch antenna for GPS and SDARS applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 63, No. 1, 353-360, 2021.
doi:10.1002/mop.32597

2. Floc'h, J. M., "GPS and IRIDIUM antenna for tracking," 2019 IEEE 19th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), 1-4, 2019.

3. Agrawal, N., A. K. Gautam, and R. Mishra, "Design of low volume circularly polarized annular ring-shaped planar antenna for GPS applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 7, e22698, 2021.
doi:10.1002/mmce.22698

4. Supriya, A. S. and R. Jolly, "A lowcost tri-band microstrip patch antenna for GPS application," 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium --- Fall (PIERS --- FALL), 60-65, Singapore, November 2017.

5. Patel, H. and T. K. Upadhyaya, "Printed multiband monopole antenna for smart energy meter/WLAN/WiMAX applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 89, 43-51, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERM19121901

6. Mishra, S., S. Das, S. S. Pattnaik, S. Kumar, and B. K. Kanaujia, "Low-profile circularly polarized planar antenna for GPS L1, L2, and L5 bands," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 2, 806-815, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mop.32077

7. Causse, A., K. Rodriguez, L. Bernard, A. Sharaiha, and S. Collardey, "Compact bandwidth enhanced cavity-backed magneto-electric dipole antenna with outer Γ-shaped probe for GNSS bands," Sensors, Vol. 21, No. 11, 3599, 2021.
doi:10.3390/s21113599

8. Paracha, K. N., et al. "A low profile, dual-band, dual polarized antenna for indoor/outdoor wearable application," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 33277-33288, 2019.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2894330

9. Patel, S. K., S. P. Lavadiya, J. Parmar, K. Ahmed, S. A. Taya, and S. Das, "Low-cost, multiband, high gain and reconfigurable microstrip radiating structure using PIN diode for 5G/Wi- MAX/WLAN applications," Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 639, 413972, 2022.
doi:10.1016/j.physb.2022.413972

10. Nguyen, T. K., S. K. Patel, S. Lavadiya, J. Parmar, and C. D. Bui, "Design and fabrication of multiband reconfigurable copper and liquid multiple complementary split-ring resonator based patch antenna," Waves in Random and Complex Media, 1-24, 2022.
doi:10.1080/17455030.2021.2024623

11. Patel, S. K., C. D. Bui, T. K. Nguyen, J. Parmar, and Q. M. Ngo, "Numerical investigation of frequency reconfigurable antenna with liquid metamaterials for X-band," Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation, Vol. 6, No. 1, 60-72, 2022.
doi:10.55579/jaec.202261.362

12. Kulkarni, J., R. Talware, V. Deshpande, A. Chitre, and J. Anguera, "Design and analysis of dual band tapered-fed monopole antenna for 5G and satellite applications," 2021 IEEE 18th India Council International Conference (INDICON), 1-6, IEEE, 2021.

13. Kulkarni, J., A. Poddar C.-Y.-D. Sim, U. L. Rohde, and A. G. Alharbi, "A compact circularly polarized rotated L-Shaped antenna with J-shaped defected ground strucutre for WLAN and V2X applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 102, 135-143, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERL22010305

14. Khalilabadi, J. A., "Planar multi-broadband antenna for LTE/5G/GPS/GSM/UMTS and WLAN/WiMAX wireless applications," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 118, No. 4, 2611-2620, 2021.
doi:10.1007/s11277-021-08145-4

15. Rao, L. and C. Tsai, "8-loop antenna array in the 5 inches size smartphone for 5G communication the 3.4 GHz{3.6 GHz band MIMO operation," 2018 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS --- Toyama), 1995-1999, 2018.
doi:10.23919/PIERS.2018.8598072

16. Ghaffar, A., X. J. Li, and T. Ahmad, "A compact frequency reconfigurable PIFA antenna for heterogeneous applications," 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), 628-630, 2020.
doi:10.1109/APMC47863.2020.9331510

17. Tang, X., P. Chen, J.Wu, P.Wang, H.Wang, and G. Yang, "A novel tri-band GPS/WLAN antenna for tablet with full metal housing," Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series), Vol. 25, No. 2, 33-40, 2018.

18. James, J. R., Handbook of Microstrip Antennas, Vol. 1, IET, 1989.

Dr. Prasanna Kushal Kumar

Dr. Gulur Sadananda Karthikeya

Dr. Prabhakar Parimala