volume | PIER Journals

Implementing appropriate absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations is essential. Optimal ABCs can help minimize or even eliminate spurious reflections in simulations involving waves impinging on the edges of simulation grid boundaries. In this work, 2D FDTD code facilitating ABCs were implemented and incorporated under plug-and-play conditions. Using this FDTD code, two different types of ABCs were evaluated: a differential ABC and a perfectly matched layer (PML) for the anisotropic medium of the ionosphere. Furthermore, numerical experiments were conducted to examine the efficiencies of both these ABCs; a total of n = 2000 iterations were adopted, under grid conditions of 120 in the y-direction, 600 in the x-direction of spatial step, and Δx = 1000 km. Additionally, n was set as a time-equivalent variable in these simulations. For the interval Δx=1 km between any two adjacent grid points, active conditions for the grid simulation were determined within 120 km in the y-direction (vertical) and 600 km in the x-direction (horizontal). Furthermore, numerical experiments revealed that the PML platform yielded excellent efficiency, as compared with the differential ABC.

Dr. Md Yusoff Siti Harwani

Dr. Tiem Leong Yoon