2023-04-30
A Triband Hexagonal Shaped Polarization Insensitive Absorber by Tuning Graphene Material in Terahertz Frequency Domain
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 116, 145-154, 2023
Abstract
Terahertz era is becoming a more prominent and expanding platform for a variety of applications. In this paper, we propose a triband absorber with a hexagon-shaped radiating patch for THz applications. The proposed structure has three layers: a hexagonal patch made of graphene as a radiating patch, a silicon layer as a dielectric substrate, and a bottom conductive layer made of gold to prevent EM wave transmission. The proposed structure operates at three resonant frequencies 0.38 THz, 1.23 THz, and 1.77 THz respectively. We may accomplish maximum absorption level (above 90%) and maximum absorption bandwidth by setting relevant chemical potential and relaxation times to 0.2 ev and 0.2 ps respectively. The proposed structure contains a lossy silicon substrate, which has a dielectric constant of 11.9 and a loss tangent of 2.5e-004. The proposed structure reveals a larger absorption [above 90%] for the operating frequencies, and the effect on absorbance for different modes is illustrated.
Citation
Nagandla Prasad, Pokkunuri Pardhasaradhi, Boddapati Taraka Phani Madhav, Vysyaraju Lokesh Raju, and Pucha Poorna Priya, "A Triband Hexagonal Shaped Polarization Insensitive Absorber by Tuning Graphene Material in Terahertz Frequency Domain," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 116, 145-154, 2023.
doi:10.2528/PIERM23031508
References

1. Tao, H., N. I. Landy, C. M. Bingham, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla, "A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization," Optics Express, Vol. 16, No. 10, 7181-7188, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.16.007181        Google Scholar

2. Zakir, S., R. M. H. Bilal, M. A. Naveed, M. A. Baqir, M. U. A. Khan, M. M. Ali, M. A. Saeed, M. Q. Mehmood, and Y. Massoud, "Polarization-insensitive, broadband, and tunable terahertz absorber using slotted-square graphene meta-rings," IEEE Photonics Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1-8, 2022.
doi:10.1109/JPHOT.2022.3229900        Google Scholar

3. Landy, N. I., S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, "Perfect metamaterial absorber," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, No. 20, 207402, 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.207402        Google Scholar

4. Faruque, M. R. I., A. M. Siddiky, E. Ahamed, M. T. Islam, and S. Abdullah, "Parallel LC shaped metamaterial resonator for C and X band satellite applications with wider bandwidth," Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1-15, 2021.
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79139-8        Google Scholar

5. Ajewole, B., P. Kumar, and T. Afullo, "I-shaped metamaterial using SRR for multi-band wireless communication," Crystals, Vol. 12, No. 4, 559, 2022.
doi:10.3390/cryst12040559        Google Scholar

6. Wang, B.-X., C. Xu, G. Duan, J. Jiang, W. Xu, Z. Yang, and Y. Wu, "Miniaturized and actively tunable triple-band terahertz metamaterial absorber using an analogy I-typed resonator," Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 17, No. 1, 35, 2022.
doi:10.1186/s11671-022-03677-5        Google Scholar

7. Bilal, R. M. H., M. A. Baqir, P. K. Choudhury, M. Karaaslan, M. M. Ali, O. Alt lntas, A. A. Rahim, E. Unal, and C. Sabah, "Wideband microwave absorber comprising metallic split-ring resonators surrounded with E-shaped fractal metamaterial," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 5670-5677, 2021.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3048927        Google Scholar

8. Li, H., J. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Feng, and Z. Sun, "Design and characterization of wideband terahertz metamaterial stop-band filter," Micromachines, Vol. 13, No. 7, 1034, 2022.
doi:10.3390/mi13071034        Google Scholar

9. Guo, Q., Q. Peng, M. Qu, J. Su, and Z. Li, "Optical transparent metasurface for dual-band Wi-Fi shielding," Optics Express, Vol. 30, No. 5, 7793-7805, 2022.
doi:10.1364/OE.453357        Google Scholar

10. Srilatha, K., B. T. P. Madhav, A. B. Badisa, S. Das, S. K. Patel, and J. Parmar, "Conformal and polarization adjustable cloaking metasurface utilizing graphene with low radar cross section for terahertz applications," Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 7, 454, 2022.
doi:10.1007/s11082-022-03863-w        Google Scholar

11. Dhama, R., B. Yan, C. Palego, and Z. Wang, "Super-resolution imaging by dielectric superlenses: TiO2 metamaterial superlens versus BaTiO3 superlens," Photonics, Vol. 8, No. 6, 222, MDPI, 2021.
doi:10.3390/photonics8060222        Google Scholar

12. Borhani-Kakhki, M. and T. A. Denidni, "Metamaterial enabled FSS for beam-tilting mm-Wave antenna applications," Handbook of Metamaterial-derived Frequency Selective Surfaces, 1-22, Springer Singapore, Singapore, 2022.        Google Scholar

13. Yang, J. and Y.-S. Lin, "Design of tunable terahertz metamaterial sensor with single- and dual-resonance characteristic," Nanomaterials, Vol. 11, No. 9, 2212, 2021.
doi:10.3390/nano11092212        Google Scholar

14. Li, T. Y., L. Wang, J. M. Wang, S. Li, and X. J. He, "A dual band polarization-insensitive tunable absorber based on terahertz MEMS metamaterial," Integrated Ferroelectrics, Vol. 151, No. 1, 157-163, 2014.
doi:10.1080/10584587.2014.901115        Google Scholar

15. Al-Badri, K. S. L., A. Cinar, U. Kose, O. Ertan, and E. Ekmekci, "Monochromatic tuning of absorption strength based on angle-dependent closed-ring resonator-type metamaterial absorber," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 1060-1063, 2016.        Google Scholar

16. Chen, H., Z. Chen, H. Yang, L. Wen, Z. Yi, Z. Zhou, B. Dai, J. Zhang, X. Wu, and P. Wu, "Multi-mode surface plasmon resonance absorber based on dart-type single-layer graphene," RSC Advances, Vol. 12, No. 13, 7821-7829, 2022.
doi:10.1039/D2RA00611A        Google Scholar

17. Jain, P., K. Prakash, G. M. Khanal, N. Sardana, S. Kumar, N. Gupta, and A. K. Singh, "Quad-band polarization sensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber using Gemini-shaped structure," Results in Optics, Vol. 8, 100254, 2022.
doi:10.1016/j.rio.2022.100254        Google Scholar

18. Asgari, S. and T. Fabritius, "Graphene-based multiband chiral metamaterial absorbers comprised of square split-ring resonator arrays with different numbers of gaps, and their equivalent circuit model," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 63658-63671, 2022.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3183272        Google Scholar

19. Feng, H., Z. Xu, K. Li, M. Wang, W. Xie, Q. Luo, B. Chen, W. Kong, and M. Yun, "Tunable polarization-independent and angle-insensitive broadband terahertz absorber with graphene metamaterials," Optics Express, Vol. 29, No. 5, 7158-7167, 2021.
doi:10.1364/OE.418865        Google Scholar

20. Huang, X., M. Cao, D. Q. Wang, X. Li, J. Fan, and X. Li, "Broadband polarization-insensitive and oblique-incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber with multi-layered graphene," Optical Materials Express, Vol. 12, No. 2, 811-822, 2022.
doi:10.1364/OME.451450        Google Scholar

21. Nejat, M. and N. Nozhat, "Design, theory, and circuit model of wideband, tunable and polarization-insensitive terahertz absorber based on graphene," IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, Vol. 18, 684-690, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TNANO.2019.2925964        Google Scholar

22. Nickpay, M. R., M. Danaie, and A. Shahzadi, "A wideband and polarization-insensitive graphene-based metamaterial absorber," Superlattices and Microstructures, Vol. 150, 106786, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106786        Google Scholar

23. Norouzi-Razani, A. and P. Rezaei, "Broadband polarization insensitive and tunable terahertz metamaterial perfect absorber based on the graphene disk and square ribbon," Micro and Nanostructures, Vol. 163, 107153, 2022.
doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2022.107153        Google Scholar

24. Wang, B.-X., X. Zhai, G. Z. Wang, W. Q. Huang, and L. L. Wang, "Design of a four-band and polarization-insensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber," IEEE Photonics Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1-8, 2014.        Google Scholar

25. Han, X., Z. Zhang, and X. Qu, "A novel miniaturized tri-band metamaterial THz absorber with angular and polarization stability," Optik, Vol. 228, 166086, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.166086        Google Scholar