2025-07-08
Multi-Objective Optimization of an Asymmetric Segmented Less-Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motor
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 113, 1-11, 2025
Abstract
In order to reduce the use of rare-earth materials and solve the problem of rising manufacturing costs of permanent magnet motors due to higher rare-earth prices, this paper proposes an asymmetric segmented less-rare-earth permanent magnet motor (ASLREPMM), which combines NdFeB permanent magnets with ferrite permanent magnets to form a common excitation source. In order to efficiently design the parameters of this motor, an optimization strategy of sensitivity stratification and multi-objective optimization is proposed, with output torque, torque pulsation, cogging torque and peak air-gap magnet density as the optimization objectives, and multi-objective optimization is carried out on the optimization variables with high sensitivity. Compared with the V-type permanent magnet motor (V-type PMM), the cogging torque of the optimized ASLREPMM is decreased by 49.67%, torque pulsation decreased by 10.77%, peak air-gap magnetic density increased by 0.051 T, and the total amount of NdFeB material decreased by 2184 mm3. The reasonableness of the structural design and the effectiveness of the optimization of the ASLREPMM are verified through experiments.
Citation
Lu Zhang, Jinbin Xu, and Chen Qi, "Multi-Objective Optimization of an Asymmetric Segmented Less-Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet Motor," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 113, 1-11, 2025.
doi:10.2528/PIERB25051204
References

1. El-Refaie, Ayman, Tsarafidy Raminosoa, Patel Reddy, Steven Galioto, Di Pan, Kevin Grace, James Alexander, and Kum-Kang Huh, "Comparison of traction motors that reduce or eliminate rare-earth materials," IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Vol. 7, No. 3, 207-214, 2017.        Google Scholar

2. Jun, Cha-Seung and Byung-Il Kwon, "Performance comparison of a spoke‐type PM motor with different permanent magnet shapes and the same magnet volume," IET Electric Power Applications, Vol. 11, No. 7, 1196-1204, 2017.        Google Scholar

3. Hu, Wenjing, Xueyi Zhang, Yulong Lei, Qinjun Du, Liwei Shi, and Guodong Liu, "Analytical model of air-gap field in hybrid excitation and interior permanent magnet machine for electric logistics vehicles," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 148237-148249, 2020.        Google Scholar

4. Mohamed, Mahmoud Y., Mahmoud Fawzi, Ahmed Kalas, Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik, Shehab Ahmed, and Ahmed Refaat, "Optimized design of a fault-tolerant 12-slot/10-pole six-phase surface permanent magnet motor with asymmetrical winding configuration for electric vehicles," Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 110, 527-539, 2025.        Google Scholar

5. Yang, Yang, Qiang He, Chunyun Fu, Shuiping Liao, and Peng Tan, "Efficiency improvement of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles," Energy, Vol. 213, 118859, 2020.        Google Scholar

6. Hefny, Hams, Batuhan Sirri Yilmaz, Dhafar Al-Ani, Reemon Z. Haddad, Ali Emadi, and Berker Bilgin, "Thermal modeling of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle application," 2024 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 1-6, Chicago, IL, USA, Jun. 2024.

7. Wang, Weihua, Rong Fu, and Yongkai Fan, "Electromagnetic parameters matching of permanent magnet synchronous motor for hybrid electric vehicles," IFAC-PapersOnLine, Vol. 51, No. 31, 407-414, 2018.        Google Scholar

8. Jani, Swapnil N. and Jitendra G. Jamnani, "Performance analysis and comparison of PM-Assisted synchronous reluctance motor with ferrites and Rare-earth magnet materials," Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 62, 7162-7167, 2022.        Google Scholar

9. Nagarajan, V. S., V. Rajini, G. S. Mukundharajan, M. Barathkumar, and T. V. L. Vyshnavi, "Comparative evaluation of different permanent magnet materials for spoke interior permanent magnet motor suitable for automotive application," Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023.        Google Scholar

10. Nakamura, Hajime, "The current and future status of rare earth permanent magnets," Scripta Materialia, Vol. 154, 273-276, 2018.        Google Scholar

11. Gu, Aiyu, Mingjie Yang, Xijun Liu, Liquan Fu, Chengjie Pang, and Yongkang Ren, "A research and optimization of a novel less-rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motor," 2022 IEEE 9th International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications (PESA), 1-6, Hong Kong, Sep. 2022.

12. Wang, Weinan, Lingfang Fu, Shuo Wang, Liangkuan Zhu, Yiqi Liu, and Jian Wei, "Research on magnetic circuit and electromagnetic performance of combined-pole less-rare-earth permanent-magnet synchronous machine used for fully electric unmanned aerial vehicle," 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), 1-6, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Nov. 2023.

13. Lv, Bingchang, Liwei Shi, Lintao Li, Kaiwen Liu, and Jianning Jing, "Performance analysis of asymmetrical less-rare-earth permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle," IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, Vol. 12, No. 1, 36-48, 2022.        Google Scholar

14. Zhu, Xiaoyong, Weiqiang Wu, Li Quan, Zixuan Xiang, and Weiwei Gu, "Design and multi-objective stratified optimization of a less-rare-earth hybrid permanent magnets motor with high torque density and low cost," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1178-1189, 2018.        Google Scholar

15. Cai, T., Y. Chen, and J. Zhuang, "Hierarchical multi-objective optimization analysis of rare-earth asymmetric permanent magnet motor," Micro Motor, Vol. 54, No. 03, 14-19, 2021.        Google Scholar

16. Sheng, Zhiyu and Dong Wang, "Design and analysis of a kind of rotor ironless high torque density machine using Alnico magnet," IET Electric Power Applications, Vol. 14, No. 8, 1469-1479, 2020.        Google Scholar

17. Zeng, Xianxian, Li Quan, Xiaoyong Zhu, Lei Xu, and Fangjie Liu, "Investigation of an asymmetrical rotor hybrid permanent magnet motor for approaching maximum output torque," IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1-4, 2019.        Google Scholar