Vol. 128
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERL 128 [2025] PIERL 127 [2025] PIERL 126 [2025] PIERL 125 [2025] PIERL 124 [2025] PIERL 123 [2025] PIERL 122 [2024] PIERL 121 [2024] PIERL 120 [2024] PIERL 119 [2024] PIERL 118 [2024] PIERL 117 [2024] PIERL 116 [2024] PIERL 115 [2024] PIERL 114 [2023] PIERL 113 [2023] PIERL 112 [2023] PIERL 111 [2023] PIERL 110 [2023] PIERL 109 [2023] PIERL 108 [2023] PIERL 107 [2022] PIERL 106 [2022] PIERL 105 [2022] PIERL 104 [2022] PIERL 103 [2022] PIERL 102 [2022] PIERL 101 [2021] PIERL 100 [2021] PIERL 99 [2021] PIERL 98 [2021] PIERL 97 [2021] PIERL 96 [2021] PIERL 95 [2021] PIERL 94 [2020] PIERL 93 [2020] PIERL 92 [2020] PIERL 91 [2020] PIERL 90 [2020] PIERL 89 [2020] PIERL 88 [2020] PIERL 87 [2019] PIERL 86 [2019] PIERL 85 [2019] PIERL 84 [2019] PIERL 83 [2019] PIERL 82 [2019] PIERL 81 [2019] PIERL 80 [2018] PIERL 79 [2018] PIERL 78 [2018] PIERL 77 [2018] PIERL 76 [2018] PIERL 75 [2018] PIERL 74 [2018] PIERL 73 [2018] PIERL 72 [2018] PIERL 71 [2017] PIERL 70 [2017] PIERL 69 [2017] PIERL 68 [2017] PIERL 67 [2017] PIERL 66 [2017] PIERL 65 [2017] PIERL 64 [2016] PIERL 63 [2016] PIERL 62 [2016] PIERL 61 [2016] PIERL 60 [2016] PIERL 59 [2016] PIERL 58 [2016] PIERL 57 [2015] PIERL 56 [2015] PIERL 55 [2015] PIERL 54 [2015] PIERL 53 [2015] PIERL 52 [2015] PIERL 51 [2015] PIERL 50 [2014] PIERL 49 [2014] PIERL 48 [2014] PIERL 47 [2014] PIERL 46 [2014] PIERL 45 [2014] PIERL 44 [2014] PIERL 43 [2013] PIERL 42 [2013] PIERL 41 [2013] PIERL 40 [2013] PIERL 39 [2013] PIERL 38 [2013] PIERL 37 [2013] PIERL 36 [2013] PIERL 35 [2012] PIERL 34 [2012] PIERL 33 [2012] PIERL 32 [2012] PIERL 31 [2012] PIERL 30 [2012] PIERL 29 [2012] PIERL 28 [2012] PIERL 27 [2011] PIERL 26 [2011] PIERL 25 [2011] PIERL 24 [2011] PIERL 23 [2011] PIERL 22 [2011] PIERL 21 [2011] PIERL 20 [2011] PIERL 19 [2010] PIERL 18 [2010] PIERL 17 [2010] PIERL 16 [2010] PIERL 15 [2010] PIERL 14 [2010] PIERL 13 [2010] PIERL 12 [2009] PIERL 11 [2009] PIERL 10 [2009] PIERL 9 [2009] PIERL 8 [2009] PIERL 7 [2009] PIERL 6 [2009] PIERL 5 [2008] PIERL 4 [2008] PIERL 3 [2008] PIERL 2 [2008] PIERL 1 [2008]
2025-12-11
Single-Layer Wideband Circularly Polarized Metasurface Antenna with Stepped Stubs Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 128, 35-40, 2025
Abstract
In this work, we present a single-layer, wideband circularly polarized (CP) metasurface antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The proposed antenna employs a rotated CPW feed structure, which achieves circular polarization without adding dielectric layers, significantly simplifying the antenna structure and improving manufacturability, while incorporating two stubs to adjust impedance matching and broaden the bandwidth. Measurement results indicate a -10 dB impedance bandwidth covering 4.23-6.2 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 37.7%), and a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 5.26-6.32 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 18.3%), with a peak measured gain of 9 dBi. The antenna targets Sub-6 GHz with strong 5G integration potential.
Citation
Zhaoyi Wang, Wu-Sheng Ji, Meng Wang, Wenhan Wan, and Xing-Yong Jiang, "Single-Layer Wideband Circularly Polarized Metasurface Antenna with Stepped Stubs Based on Characteristic Mode Analysis," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 128, 35-40, 2025.
doi:10.2528/PIERL25100101
References

1. Mongia, Rajesh K. and Prakash Bhartia, "Dielectric resonator antennas --- A review and general design relations for resonant frequency and bandwidth," International Journal of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, 230-247, 1994.
doi:10.1002/mmce.4570040304

2. Toh, B. Y., R. Cahill, and V. F. Fusco, "Understanding and measuring circular polarization," IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 46, No. 3, 313-318, 2003.
doi:10.1109/te.2003.813519

3. Lee, Choon Sae, Yang Fan, and Mohamed Ezzat, "Single-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with Bethe holes on the radiating patch," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 6, 4935-4938, 2020.
doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2952430

4. Lu, Jui-Han, Chia-Luan Tang, and Kin-Lu Wong, "Single-feed slotted equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna for circular polarization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 47, No. 7, 1174-1178, 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.785749

5. Lee, Choon Sae and V. Nalbandian, "Planar circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a single feed," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 47, No. 6, 1005-1007, 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.777124

6. Kumar, Rajkishor, Dilip Kumar Choudhary, Reshma Singh, and Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary, "A wideband circularly polarized DRA excited with meandered-line inductor for Wi-MAX/LTE2500 applications," 2017 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium --- Fall (PIERS --- FALL), 1514-1519, Singapore, 2017.
doi:10.1109/PIERS-FALL.2017.8293371

7. Zhao, Ge, Yi Zhou, Jing Rui Wang, and Mei Song Tong, "A circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna based on quasi-self-complementary metasurface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 8, 7147-7151, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3145504

8. Elahi, Manzoor, Amir Altaf, Youngoo Yang, Kang-Yoon Lee, and Keum Cheol Hwang, "Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with two annular vias," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 41123-41128, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3064026

9. Zhu, H. L., S. W. Cheung, Kwok Lun Chung, and T. I. Yuk, "Linear-to-circular polarization conversion using metasurface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 9, 4615-4623, 2013.
doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2267712

10. Zhu, H. L., S. W. Cheung, X. H. Liu, and T. I. Yuk, "Design of polarization reconfigurable antenna using metasurface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 6, 2891-2898, 2014.
doi:10.1109/tap.2014.2310209

11. Ta, Son Xuat and Ikmo Park, "Low-profile broadband circularly polarized patch antenna using metasurface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 12, 5929-5934, 2015.
doi:10.1109/tap.2015.2487993

12. Huynh, T. and K.-F. Lee, "Single-layer single-patch wideband microstrip antenna," Electronics Letters, Vol. 31, No. 16, 1310-1312, 1995.
doi:10.1049/el:19950950

13. Nath, Uddipan, Sagnik Banerjee, Carlo Santini, Rocco Citroni, Fabio Mangini, and Fabrizio Frezza, "Simple and cost-effective design of a THz-metamaterial-based hybrid sensor on a single substrate," Sensors, Vol. 25, No. 12, 3660, 2025.
doi:10.3390/s25123660

14. Genovesi, Simone and Francesco Alessio Dicandia, "Characteristic modes analysis of a near-field polarization-conversion metasurface for the design of a wideband circularly polarized X-band antenna," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 88932-88940, 2022.
doi:10.1109/access.2022.3200303

15. Dicandia, Francesco Alessio and Simone Genovesi, "Characteristic modes analysis of non-uniform metasurface superstrate for nanosatellite antenna design," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 176050-176061, 2020.
doi:10.1109/access.2020.3027251

16. Wan, Wenhan, Wusheng Ji, Zhaoyi Wang, Xingyong Jiang, and Rofs Microsystem, "Wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna based on double-layer metasurface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 158, 197-203, 2025.

17. Wang, Junfang, Hang Wong, Zhuoqiao Ji, and Yongle Wu, "Broadband CPW-fed aperture coupled metasurface antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 3, 517-520, 2019.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2019.2895618

18. El Yousfi, Ahmed, Abdenasser Lamkaddem, Kerlos Atia Abdalmalak, and Daniel Segovia-Vargas, "A broadband circularly polarized single-layer metasurface antenna using characteristic-mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 4, 3114-3122, 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2023.3239104

19. Ye, Jingxin, Teng Li, Min Han, and Wenbin Dou, "Metasurface-inspired wideband circularly polarized antenna array in Ka-band using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 1, 389-393, 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2023.3325448