volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this letter, a frequency and linear polarization(LP) reconfigurable antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of two pairs of printed dipoles as the primary radiating patches. By independently controlling the direction of flowing current using loaded PIN diodes, the dynamic reconfiguration of both frequency and linear polarization (LP) can be realized. In addition, a dual-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector is added under the radiator, which can effectively reduce the antenna profile to 0.1λ₀ (12.4 mm, where λ₀ is the wavelength at low operating frequency). Both simulated and experimental results show that the proposed antenna can operate in four modes: 0° LP low frequency (2.36-2.77 GHz) state, 0° LP high frequency (3.25-3.68 GHz) state, 90° LP low frequency state, and 90° LP high frequency state. The antenna exhibits stable radiation patterns, with gain values of 7.56 dBi in the low frequency state and 8.03 dBi in the high frequency state. This antenna is suitable for ISM band applications, such as Wi-Fi (2.4-2.48 GHz) and Bluetooth (2.4-2.48 GHz), as well as TDD Band 42, meeting the requirements of modern wireless communication systems.

1. Li, Jun-Feng, Bian Wu, Jia-Qi Zhou, Ke-Xin Guo, Hao-Ran Zu, and Tao Su, "Frequency and pattern reconfigurable antenna using double layer petal shaped parasitic structure," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 71, No. 4, 1934-1938, Apr. 2024.
doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3329659 Google Scholar

2. Nie, Zhenghang, Huiqing Zhai, Longhua Liu, Jiaxu Li, Diwei Hu, and Junhao Shi, "A dual-polarized frequency-reconfigurable low-profile antenna with harmonic suppression for 5G application," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 6, 1228-1232, Jun. 2019.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2019.2913170 Google Scholar

3. Jin, Guiping, Chuhong Deng, Yechun Xu, Ju Yang, and Shaowei Liao, "Differential frequency-reconfigurable antenna based on dipoles for sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 3, 472-476, 2020.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2020.2966861 Google Scholar

4. Tran, Huy Hung, Cong Danh Bui, Nghia Nguyen-Trong, and Truong Khang Nguyen, "A wideband non-uniform metasurface-based circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 42325-42332, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3066182 Google Scholar

5. Chen, Dingzhao, Yanhui Liu, Shu-Lin Chen, Pei-Yuan Qin, and Y. Jay Guo, "A wideband high-gain multilinear polarization reconfigurable antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 7, 4136-4141, Jul. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3044395 Google Scholar

6. Nikolaou, Symeon, R. Bairavasubramanian, C. Lugo, I. Carrasquillo, D. C. Thompson, G. E. Ponchak, J. Papapolymerou, and M. M. Tentzeris, "Pattern and frequency reconfigurable annular slot antenna using PIN diodes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 2, 439-448, Feb. 2006.
doi:10.1109/tap.2005.863398 Google Scholar

7. Zohur, A., H. Mopidevi, D. Rodrigo, M. Unlu, L. Jofre, and Bedri A. Cetiner, "RF MEMS reconfigurable two-band antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 12, 72-75, 2013.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2013.2238882 Google Scholar

8. Yu, Yufeng, Jiang Xiong, Hui Li, and Sailing He, "An electrically small frequency reconfigurable antenna with a wide tuning range," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 103-106, 2011.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2011.2113390 Google Scholar

9. Shirazi, Mahmoud, Junyi Huang, Tianjiao Li, and Xun Gong, "A switchable-frequency slot-ring antenna element for designing a reconfigurable array," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 2, 229-233, Feb. 2018.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2017.2781463 Google Scholar

10. Chen, Zhenzhong, Bin Shao, Jun Xu, Gaoming Xu, and Yi Chen, "A high-gain tri-band patch antenna with two independent frequency-reconfigurable bands," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 11, 3589-3593, Nov. 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3404255 Google Scholar

11. Li, Tong, Huiqing Zhai, Xin Wang, Long Li, and Changhong Liang, "Frequency-reconfigurable bow-tie antenna for Bluetooth, WiMAX, and WLAN applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 171-174, 2015.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2014.2359199 Google Scholar

12. Chen, Shu-Lin, Feng Wei, Pei-Yuan Qin, Y. Jay Guo, and Xi Chen, "A multi-linear polarization reconfigurable unidirectional patch antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 8, 4299-4304, Aug. 2017.
doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2712185 Google Scholar

13. Wong, Hang, Wei Lin, Laure Huitema, and Eric Arnaud, "Multi-polarization reconfigurable antenna for wireless biomedical system," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Vol. 11, No. 3, 652-660, Jun. 2017.
doi:10.1109/tbcas.2016.2636872 Google Scholar

14. Tran, Huy Hung, Nghia Nguyen-Trong, Tuan Tu Le, Amin M. Abbosh, and Hyun Chang Park, "Low-profile wideband high-gain reconfigurable antenna with quad-polarization diversity," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 7, 3741-3746, Jul. 2018.
doi:10.1109/tap.2018.2826657 Google Scholar

15. Tran, Huy Hung, Nghia Nguyen-Trong, Tuan Tu Le, and Hyun Chang Park, "Wideband and multipolarization reconfigurable crossed bowtie dipole antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 12, 6968-6975, Dec. 2017.
doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2766439 Google Scholar

16. Chen, XiaoFeng and YongJiu Zhao, "Dual-band polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna using double layer metasurface," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 95, 82-87, 2018.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2018.08.001 Google Scholar

17. Nguyen-Trong, Nghia, Andrew Piotrowski, Leonard Hall, and Christophe Fumeaux, "A frequency- and polarization-reconfigurable circular cavity antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 999-1002, 2017.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2016.2616128 Google Scholar

18. Scarborough, Clinton P., Douglas H. Werner, and Douglas E. Wolfe, "Compact low-profile tunable metasurface-enabled antenna with near-arbitrary polarization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 7, 2775-2783, Jul. 2016.
doi:10.1109/tap.2016.2562666 Google Scholar

19. Ma, Ruihua, Xiaoping Li, He Huang, and Xuelei Wang, "A high-performance antenna with simultaneous frequency and polarization reconfigurability," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 12, 4203-4207, Dec. 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3438834 Google Scholar

20. Han, Shiqi, Zhan Wang, and Yuandan Dong, "Miniaturized circularly polarized reconfigurable capacitance-loaded patch antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1226-1230, Apr. 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3349974 Google Scholar

21. Liu, Mengyao, Songmin Chen, Zitong Zhao, Hongbo Chu, Pei Xiao, and Gaosheng Li, "A polarization-and frequency-reconfigurable transparent liquid antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 8, 2281-2285, Aug. 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3387666 Google Scholar

22. Feresidis, A. P., G. Goussetis, Shenhong Wang, and J. C. Vardaxoglou, "Artificial magnetic conductor surfaces and their application to low-profile high-gain planar antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 1, 209-215, Jan. 2005.
doi:10.1109/tap.2004.840528 Google Scholar

23. Feng, Dan, Huiqing Zhai, Lei Xi, Sen Yang, Kedi Zhang, and Dong Yang, "A broadband low-profile circular-polarized antenna on an AMC reflector," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2840-2843, 2017.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2017.2749246 Google Scholar

24. AboEl-Hassan, May, A. E. Farahat, and K. F. A. Hussein, "Wideband star-shaped antenna based on artificial magnetic conductor surface for unidirectional radiation," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 189, 155603, 2025.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155603 Google Scholar

25. Malekpoor, Hossein and Mehdi Hamidkhani, "Performance enhancement of low-profile wideband multi-element MIMO arrays backed by AMC surface for vehicular wireless communications," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 166206-166222, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135447 Google Scholar

26. Dai, Zhi Feng, Yao Pan, Jie Ju Huang, Liang Hua Ye, Jian-Feng Li, and Huan Jiang, "Low-profile broadband dual-polarized dipole antenna with AMC reflector," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 11, 3496-3500, Nov. 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3406158 Google Scholar

27. Liu, Qingchong, Hui Liu, Wang He, and Sailing He, "A low-profile dual-band dual-polarized antenna with an AMC reflector for 5G communications," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 24072-24080, 2020.
doi:10.1109/access.2020.2970473 Google Scholar

28. Gong, Yajie, Shuhui Yang, Bin Li, Yinchao Chen, Fanglu Tong, and Chenyin Yu, "Multi-band and high gain antenna using AMC ground characterized with four zero-phases of reflection coefficient," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 171457-171468, 2020.
doi:10.1109/access.2020.3024982 Google Scholar

Ms. Yulian Ruan

Dr. Shixing Yu

Dr. Na Kou