Vol. 129
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERL 129 [2026] PIERL 128 [2025] PIERL 127 [2025] PIERL 126 [2025] PIERL 125 [2025] PIERL 124 [2025] PIERL 123 [2025] PIERL 122 [2024] PIERL 121 [2024] PIERL 120 [2024] PIERL 119 [2024] PIERL 118 [2024] PIERL 117 [2024] PIERL 116 [2024] PIERL 115 [2024] PIERL 114 [2023] PIERL 113 [2023] PIERL 112 [2023] PIERL 111 [2023] PIERL 110 [2023] PIERL 109 [2023] PIERL 108 [2023] PIERL 107 [2022] PIERL 106 [2022] PIERL 105 [2022] PIERL 104 [2022] PIERL 103 [2022] PIERL 102 [2022] PIERL 101 [2021] PIERL 100 [2021] PIERL 99 [2021] PIERL 98 [2021] PIERL 97 [2021] PIERL 96 [2021] PIERL 95 [2021] PIERL 94 [2020] PIERL 93 [2020] PIERL 92 [2020] PIERL 91 [2020] PIERL 90 [2020] PIERL 89 [2020] PIERL 88 [2020] PIERL 87 [2019] PIERL 86 [2019] PIERL 85 [2019] PIERL 84 [2019] PIERL 83 [2019] PIERL 82 [2019] PIERL 81 [2019] PIERL 80 [2018] PIERL 79 [2018] PIERL 78 [2018] PIERL 77 [2018] PIERL 76 [2018] PIERL 75 [2018] PIERL 74 [2018] PIERL 73 [2018] PIERL 72 [2018] PIERL 71 [2017] PIERL 70 [2017] PIERL 69 [2017] PIERL 68 [2017] PIERL 67 [2017] PIERL 66 [2017] PIERL 65 [2017] PIERL 64 [2016] PIERL 63 [2016] PIERL 62 [2016] PIERL 61 [2016] PIERL 60 [2016] PIERL 59 [2016] PIERL 58 [2016] PIERL 57 [2015] PIERL 56 [2015] PIERL 55 [2015] PIERL 54 [2015] PIERL 53 [2015] PIERL 52 [2015] PIERL 51 [2015] PIERL 50 [2014] PIERL 49 [2014] PIERL 48 [2014] PIERL 47 [2014] PIERL 46 [2014] PIERL 45 [2014] PIERL 44 [2014] PIERL 43 [2013] PIERL 42 [2013] PIERL 41 [2013] PIERL 40 [2013] PIERL 39 [2013] PIERL 38 [2013] PIERL 37 [2013] PIERL 36 [2013] PIERL 35 [2012] PIERL 34 [2012] PIERL 33 [2012] PIERL 32 [2012] PIERL 31 [2012] PIERL 30 [2012] PIERL 29 [2012] PIERL 28 [2012] PIERL 27 [2011] PIERL 26 [2011] PIERL 25 [2011] PIERL 24 [2011] PIERL 23 [2011] PIERL 22 [2011] PIERL 21 [2011] PIERL 20 [2011] PIERL 19 [2010] PIERL 18 [2010] PIERL 17 [2010] PIERL 16 [2010] PIERL 15 [2010] PIERL 14 [2010] PIERL 13 [2010] PIERL 12 [2009] PIERL 11 [2009] PIERL 10 [2009] PIERL 9 [2009] PIERL 8 [2009] PIERL 7 [2009] PIERL 6 [2009] PIERL 5 [2008] PIERL 4 [2008] PIERL 3 [2008] PIERL 2 [2008] PIERL 1 [2008]
2026-03-12
A Low-Profile Polarization Conversion Metasurface Array Antenna with Broadband RCS Reduction
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 129, 59-66, 2026
Abstract
A novel integration method of a polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) and an array antenna for radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is presented. This method combines the PCM with a slot array antenna operating at 11.5 GHz for reducing RCS. The metasurface is composed of polarization conversion units arranged in a checkerboard pattern, and each PCM unit cell is made up of two symmetrical fork-shaped structures. The polarization conversion units can achieve a polarization conversion rate of over 90% in the frequency band of 10.12-19.93 GHz (65%). The measurements demonstrate that the antenna attains over 10 dB RCS reduction in the frequency range of 9.9-20.7 GHz (71%). Meanwhile, the radiation performance of the antenna is effectively preserved.
Citation
Jinhua Tian, Xutong Wang, Zixin Liang, Yuzhen Gao, Chunting Wang, and Liping Han, "A Low-Profile Polarization Conversion Metasurface Array Antenna with Broadband RCS Reduction," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 129, 59-66, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERL26010901
References

1. Costa, Filippo and Agostino Monorchio, "A frequency selective radome with wideband absorbing properties," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 6, 2740-2747, 2012.
doi:10.1109/tap.2012.2194640        Google Scholar

2. El-Sewedy, Mohamed F. and Mahmoud A. Abdalla, "A monostatic and bistatic RCS reduction using artificial magnetic conductor metasurface," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 2, 1988-1992, 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3225597        Google Scholar

3. Wang, Yanni, Xia Ma, Chenjiang Guo, Jun Ding, and Xiaoyan Pang, "Ultra-wideband and wide-angle RCS reduction of antenna array using dual-layer miniaturized polarization conversion metasurface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 24, No. 12, 4715-4719, 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2025.3610126        Google Scholar

4. Khan, Hamza Asif, Jingjing Zhang, Shanwen Luo, and Yuxiang Wang, "A single-layer checkerboard metasurface based on reconfigurable polarization converter for dual-mode RCS reduction," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 24, No. 7, 2029-2033, 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2025.3554981        Google Scholar

5. Murugesan, Akila, Krishnasamy T. Selvan, Ashwin K. Iyer, Kumar V. Srivatsav, and Arokiaswami Alphones, "A review of metasurface-assisted RCS reduction techniques," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 94, 75-103, 2021.
doi:10.2528/pierb21081401        Google Scholar

6. Zaker, Reza and Arezoo Sadeghzadeh, "Passive techniques for target radar cross section reduction: A comprehensive review," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 11, e22411, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mmce.22411        Google Scholar

7. Yu, W., M. Cheng, Y. Yu, W. Wang, L. Liu, and G. Q. Luo, "Bandpass absorptive frequency-selective structures with wide absorption bands based on hybrid 2-D and 3-D structures," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 4, 3183-3192, 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2023.3240570        Google Scholar

8. Zhao, He, Xiaofeng Zou, Tianbo Liu, Yang Chen, Ruiqi Sun, Chentong Gao, Fei Shi, Yuxiao Liu, and Qiang Feng, "High-gain-low-RCS PRS antenna with metasurface," 2024 International Seminar on Artificial Intelligence, Computer Technology and Control Engineering (ACTCE), 167-171, Wuhan, China, Sep. 2024.
doi:10.1109/actce65085.2024.00041

9. Samadi, Fereshteh and Abdelrazik Sebak, "Wideband, very low RCS engineered surface with a wide incident angle stability," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 3, 1809-1814, 2021.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3015040        Google Scholar

10. Xi, Yan, Wen Jiang, Kun Wei, Tao Hong, Tong Cheng, and Shuxi Gong, "Wideband RCS reduction of microstrip antenna array using coding metasurface with low Q resonators and fast optimization method," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 21, No. 4, 656-660, 2022.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2021.3138241        Google Scholar

11. Zhang, Binchao, Liang Li, Cheng Jin, Qihao Lv, and Raj Mittra, "Wideband low RCS antenna based on hybrid absorptive-diffusive frequency selective reflector," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 77863-77872, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3068412        Google Scholar

12. Bandyopadhyay, Baisakhi, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Rahul Kumar Jaiswal, Mondeep Saikia, and Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava, "Wideband RCS reduction of a linear patch antenna array using AMC metasurface for stealth applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 11, 127458-127467, 2023.
doi:10.1109/access.2023.3332120        Google Scholar

13. Yang, Rongyu, Xiaoyi Liao, Yujie Wang, Xiangcheng Qian, Minxing Wang, Hongfei Zhang, and Xiaoxing Fang, "Co-design of single-layer RCS-reducing surface and antenna array based on AMC technique," Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 12, 2392, 2025.
doi:10.3390/electronics14122392        Google Scholar

14. Edalati, Arezou and Kamal Sarabandi, "Wideband, wide angle, polarization independent RCS reduction using nonabsorptive miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 2, 747-754, 2014.
doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2291236        Google Scholar

15. Yang, Ling-Jun, Sheng Sun, and Wei E. I. Sha, "Ultrawideband reflection-type metasurface for generating integer and fractional orbital angular momentum," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 3, 2166-2175, 2020.
doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2948711        Google Scholar

16. Yang, Huanhuan, Tong Li, Jiawei Liao, Kun Gao, Qi Li, Sijia Li, and Xiangyu Cao, "Ultrawideband low-RCS array antenna based on double-layer polarization conversion metasurface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 12, 4069-4073, 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3422970        Google Scholar

17. Deng, Gu-Ying, Yun-Hua Zhang, Si-Yuan He, Hua Yan, Hong-Cheng Yin, Huo-Tao Gao, and Guo-Qiang Zhu, "Ultrabroadband RCS reduction design by exploiting characteristic complementary polarization conversion metasurfaces," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 4, 2904-2914, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3137228        Google Scholar

18. Pazokian, Mehdi, Nader Komjani, and Majid Karimipour, "Broadband RCS reduction of microstrip antenna using coding frequency selective surface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 8, 1382-1385, 2018.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2018.2846613        Google Scholar

19. Chen, Yan, Chenyue Xu, Xiaoxiang He, Yang Yang, Hengyan Hu, and Fukang Li, "Stealth design of polarization conversion metasurface antenna array," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 63, No. 11, 2756-2762, 2021.
doi:10.1002/mop.32967        Google Scholar

20. Pandit, Soumen, Akhilesh Mohan, and Priyadip Ray, "Low-RCS low-profile four-element MIMO antenna using polarization conversion metasurface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 12, 2102-2106, 2020.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2020.3023454        Google Scholar

21. Chatterjee, Joysmita, Akhilesh Mohan, and Vivek Dixit, "Radar cross section reduction and gain enhancement of slot antenna using polarization conversion metasurface for X-band applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 10, e22792, 2021.
doi:10.1002/mmce.22792        Google Scholar

22. Li, Yujun, Jing Jin, Zhengguang Yang, Jiao Dou, Houyuan Cheng, Yang Wang, and Helin Yang, "Low-RCS low-profile MIMO antenna and array antenna using a polarization conversion metasurface," Optics Express, Vol. 31, No. 23, 38771-38785, 2023.
doi:10.1364/oe.507087        Google Scholar

23. Liu, Ying, Kun Li, Yongtao Jia, Yuwen Hao, Shuxi Gong, and Y. Jay Guo, "Wideband RCS reduction of a slot array antenna using polarization conversion metasurfaces," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 1, 326-331, 2016.
doi:10.1109/tap.2015.2497352        Google Scholar

24. Rahman, Saeed Ur, Hai Deng, Ronghao Li, Hisham Khalil, Ijaz Khan, and Habib Ullah, "Wideband radar cross section reduction of a circularly polarized antenna using polarization conversion metasurfaces," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 65, No. 7, 2048-2055, 2023.
doi:10.1002/mop.33655        Google Scholar

25. Luo, Hao, Shige Wei, Huarui Zhang, Ke Gong, and Qing Liu, "A C-band polarization conversion metasurface antenna with broadband RCS-reduction," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 24, No. 8, 2447-2451, 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2025.3565804        Google Scholar

26. Long, Mao, Wen Jiang, and Shuxi Gong, "Wideband RCS reduction using polarization conversion metasurface and partially reflecting surface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2534-2537, 2017.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2017.2731862        Google Scholar

27. Liu, Wenxuan, Run Hong, Yan Qu, Qi Zheng, and Xuexia Yang, "Wideband and low-RCS circularly polarized patch antenna based on polarization conversion metasurface using characteristic mode analysis," 2022 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), 1-3, Harbin, China, Aug. 2022.
doi:10.1109/icmmt55580.2022.10023137

28. Zhao, Cuiqin, Dongya Shen, Yanming Duan, Yuting Wang, Longxiang Luo, and Lvyun Zhang, "A low-profile low-RCS dipole antenna based on bowtie-shaped polarization conversion metasurfaces," 2025 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO), 1-3, Tianjin, China, 2025.
doi:10.1109/nemo62710.2025.11215380

29. Ren, Junyi, Wen Jiang, and Shuxi Gong, "Low RCS and broadband metamaterial-based low-profile antenna using PCM," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 12, No. 11, 1793-1798, 2018.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2018.0162        Google Scholar

30. Chen, Hongya, Jiafu Wang, Hua Ma, Shaobo Qu, Zhuo Xu, Anxue Zhang, Mingbao Yan, and Yongfeng Li, "Ultra-wideband polarization conversion metasurfaces based on multiple plasmon resonances," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, No. 15, 154504, 2014.
doi:10.1063/1.4869917        Google Scholar