volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable antenna for cell-phone applications is presented. The proposed structure is based on a conventional PIFA. In addition, two stubs, each with a varactor diode, are incorporated. In order to to achieve wideband characteristics, the first two resonant frequencies (f₁ and f₂) of the proposed antenna are controlled independently by the supplied voltages with variation of the capacitances. The equivalent circuit of the varactor diode has been extracted in order to accurately predict the performance of the proposed antenna. In addition, parametric studies regarding the capacitance and antenna length have been conducted. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna has a tunable bandwidth defined by a VSWR < 2.5 of 45.7% (606 MHz ~ 965 MHz) and 47.5% (1343 MHz ~ 2181 MHz) at f₁ and f₂, respectively. Therefore, f₁covers the LTE (698 MHz ~ 798 MHz), CDMA (824 MHz ~ 894 MHz), GSM (880 MHz ~ 960 MHz) bands, and f₂ covers the DCS (1710 MHz ~ 1880 MHz), PCS (1850 MHz ~ 1990 MHz), WCDMA (1920 MHZ ~ 2170 MHz) bands. The measured average gains varied from -4.3 dBi to -1.5 dBi at f₁ and -6.4 dBi to -2.7 dBi at f₂.

1. Rowell, C. R. and R. D. Murch, "A capacitively loaded PIFA for compact PCS handsets," Proc. IEEE APS-Int. Symp., Vol. 742, No. 745, Baltimore, MD, Jul. 1996. Google Scholar

2. Lui, G. K. H. and R. D. Murch, "Compact dual-frequency PIFA design using LC resonators," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 49, No. 7, 1016-1019, Jul. 2001.
doi:10.1109/8.933479 Google Scholar

3. Gao, Y., C. C. Chiau, X. Chen, and C. G. Parini, "A modified PIFA with a small ground plane," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., 515-518, Washongton DC, NY, Jul. 2005. Google Scholar

4. Sim, C.-Y.-D., "Dual and triple-band PIFA desigh for WLAN applications," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 49, No. 9, 2159-2162, Sep. 2007.
doi:10.1002/mop.22682 Google Scholar

5. Nashaat, D. M., H. A. Elsadek, and H. Ghali, "Single feed compact quad-band PIFA antenna for wireless communication applications," IEEE Tans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 53, No. 8, 2631-2635, Aug. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.851872 Google Scholar

6. Liu, Z. D., P. S. Hall, and D. Wake, "Dual-frequency planar inverted-F antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 45, No. 10, 1451-1458, Oct. 1997. Google Scholar

7. Saidatual, N. A., A. A. H. Azremi, R. B. Ahmad, P. J. Soh, and F. Malek, "Multiband fractal planar inverted F antenna (F-PIFA) or mobile phone application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 14, 127-148, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB09030802 Google Scholar

8. Low, J. S. and C.-Y. Ai, "Experimental studies of a slot-loaded triangular folded planar inverted-F antenna," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 39, No. 5, 404-406, Dec. 2003.
doi:10.1002/mop.11231 Google Scholar

9. Chen, H. T., K.-L. Wong, and T.-T. Chiou, "PIFA with a meandered and folded patch for the dual-band mobile phone application ," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 51, No. 9, 2468-2471, Sep. 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.816346 Google Scholar

10. Chan, P. W., H. Wong, and E. K. N. Yung, "Wideband planar inverted-F antenna with meandering shorting strip," Electron. Lett., Vol. 44, No. 6, 395-396, Mar. 2008.
doi:10.1049/el:20083688 Google Scholar

11. Roscoe, D. J., L. Shafai, A. Ittipiboon, M. Cuhaci, and R. Douville, "Tunable dipole antennas," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., 672-675, Ann Arbor, MI, Jul. 1993. Google Scholar

12. Ramadan, A. H., K. Y. Kabalan, A. El-Hajj, S. Khoury, and M. Al-Husseini, "A reconfigurable u-koch microstrip antenna for wireless applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 93, 355-367, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09050605 Google Scholar

13. Feldner, L. M., C. T. Rodenbeck, C. G. Christdoulou, and N. Kinzie, "Electrically small frequency-agile PIFA-as-a package for portable wireless devices," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 11, 3310-3319, Nov. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.908815 Google Scholar

14. Li, Y., Z. Zhang, W. Chen, Z. Feng, and M. F. Iskander, "A quadband antenna with reconfigurable feedings," IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 8, 1069-1071, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2009.2031415 Google Scholar

15. Lee, K.-M., Y.-J. Sung, J. W. Baik, and Y. S. Kim, "A tunable triangular microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 51, No. 7, 1788-1790, Jul. 2009.
doi:10.1002/mop.24428 Google Scholar

16. Wu, J., C. J. Panagamuwa, P. McEvoy, J. C. Vardaxoglou, and O. A. Saraereh, "Switching a dual band PIFA to operate in four bands," Proc. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp., 2675-2678, Albuquerque, NM, Jul. 2006. Google Scholar

17. Shynu, S. V., G. Augustin, C. K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan, and K. Vasudevan, "Design of compact reconfigurable dual frequency microstrip antennas using varactor diodes," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 60, 197-205, 197. Google Scholar

18. Behdad, N. and K. Sarabandi, "A varactor-tuned dual-band slot antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, No. 2, 401-408, Feb. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.863373 Google Scholar

19. Behdad, N. and K. Sarabandi, "Dual-band reconfigurable antenna with a very wide tunability range," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, No. 2, 409-416, Feb. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.863412 Google Scholar

20. Yang, S.-L. S., A. A. Kishk, and K. F. Lee, "Frequency reconfigurable u-slot microstrip patch antenna," IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 7, 127-129, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.921330 Google Scholar

21. White, C. R. and G. M. Rebeiz, "A shallow varactor-tuned capacity-backed slot antenna with a 1:9 : 1 tunning range," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 3, 633-639, Mar. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2039311 Google Scholar

22. Liang, Liang and H. Y. D. Yang, "Varactor loaded tunable printed PIFA," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 15, 113-131, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB09041108 Google Scholar

23. Nguyen, V.-A., R.-A. Bhatti, and S.-O. Park, "A simple PIFA-based tunable internal antenna for personal communication handsets," IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 7, 130-133, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.921332 Google Scholar

24. Lim, J.-H., G.-T. Back, Y.-I. Ko, C.-W. Song, and T. Y. Yun, "A reconfigurable PIFA using a switchable PIN-diode and fine tuning varactor for USPCS/WCDMA/m-Wimax/WLAN," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., , Vol. 58, No. 7, 2404-1411, Jul. 2010. Google Scholar

25. Zhou, Z. and K. L. Melde, "Frequency agility of broadband antennas integrated with a reconfigurable RF impedance tuner," IEEE Antenna Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 6, 56-59, 2007.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2007.891955 Google Scholar

26. Melde, K. L., H.-J. Park, H.-H. Yeh, B. Fankem, Z. Zhou, and W. R. Eisenstadt, "Software defined match control circuit integrated with a planar inverted F antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 12, 3884-3890, Dec. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2078442 Google Scholar

27. Peroulis, D., K. Sarabandi, and L. P. B. Katehi, "Design of econfigurable slot antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 53, No. 2, 645-654, Feb. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.841339 Google Scholar

28. Wong, K.-L., W.-Y. Chen, and T.-W. Kang, "On-board printed coupled-fed loop antenna in close proximity to the surroung ground plane for penta-bandWWAN mobile phone," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 59, No. 3, 751-757, Mar. 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2103020 Google Scholar

29. Cho, J., C. W. Jung, and K. Kim, "Frequency-reconfigurable two-port antenna for mobile phone operating over multiple service bands," Electron. Lett., Vol. 45, No. 20, 1099-1011, Sep. 2009.
doi:10.1049/el.2009.1104 Google Scholar

30. Boyle, K. R. and P. G. Steeneken, "A five-band reconfigurable PIFA for mobile phones," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 11, 3300-3309, Nov. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.908822 Google Scholar

Dr. Min-Jae Lee

Dr. Young-Sik Kim

Dr. Yungje Sung