volume | PIER Journals

2014-04-30

A Differential k -Band UWB Transmitter for Short Range Radar Application with Continuous Running Local Oscillator

Kristian G. Kjelgard,

Dr. Kristian G. Kjelgard

Department of Informatics

University of Oslo

Norway

Homepage

Tor Sverre Lande

Dr. Tor Sverre Lande

Department of Informatics

University of Oslo

Norway

Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 50, 1-9, 2014

doi:10.2528/PIERC14032104

Abstract

The design of a differential K-band UWB(Ultra Wideband) Short Range Radar (SRR) transmitter in 90nm bulk CMOS is presented. Implementation of SRRs in deep submicron CMOS technology is attractive, in terms of cost and monolithic integration of RF font-end with signal base-band processor. The transmitted pulse bandwidth limits the range resolution of the radar system. Due to the wide bandwidth and high frequency of CMOS implementation, UWB transmitters in the K-band are challenging to make and critical for the system performance. The design presented is based on frequency up conversion using a double balanced mixer. The differential output is combined and matched with the antenna using an on-chip balun. To mitigate local oscillator (LO) leakage of UWB differential transmitters we propose a new Pulse Generator (PG) design. A switching technique is used to minimize the LO leakage enabling continuous wave operation with very wideband pulses. Measurements of the proposed transmitter achieves a -10 dB bandwidth (BW) of 5 GHz. Using a Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of 100 MHz the peak average power is -40 dBm. Compared to measured transmitter performance of a single balanced mixer design, the LO leakage of this dual balanced mixer is decreased with more than 20 dB, and is lower than the peak average power of the pulse. It consumes 11 mW from a 1.2 v supply where 6 mW is from the LO.

Citation

Copy Export

Kristian G. Kjelgard, and Tor Sverre Lande, "A Differential k -Band UWB Transmitter for Short Range Radar Application with Continuous Running Local Oscillator," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 50, 1-9, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIERC14032104

References

1. Murad, M., J. Nickolaou, G. Raz, J. S. Colburn, and K. Geary, "Next generation short range radar (SRR) for automotive applications," IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR), 0214-0219, May 2012.

2. Lee, S., S. Kong, C.-Y. Kim, and S. Hong, "A low-power K-band CMOS UWB radar transceiver IC for short range detection," IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC), 503-506, Jun. 2012.

3. Lee, S., C.-Y. Kim, and S. Hong, "A K-band CMOS UWB radar transmitter with a bi-phase modulating pulsed oscillator," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 60, No. 5, 1405-1412, May 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2188814

4. Yang, J., G. Pyo, C.-Y. Kim, and S. Hong, "A 24-GHz CMOS UWB radar transmitter with compressed pulses," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 60, No. 4, 1117-1125, Apr. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2184136

5. Jain, V., S. Sundararaman, and P. Heydari, "A 22-29 GHz UWB pulse-radar receiver front-end in 0.18-μm CMOS," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 57, No. 8, 1903-1914, Aug. 2009.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2009.2025420

6. El-Gabaly, A. M. and C. E. Saavedra, "A quadrature pulse generator for short-range UWB vehicular radar applications using a pulsed oscillator and a variable attenuator," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, Vol. 58, No. 10, 2285-2295, 2011.

7. Taylor, J. D., Ultrawideband Radar: Applications and Design, Chapter 11, CRC Press, 2012.
doi:10.1201/b12356

8. Hjortland, H. A. and T. S. Lande, "CTBV integrated impulse radio design for biomedical applications," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Vol. 3, No. 2, 79-88, Apr. 2009.
doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2009.2014962

9. Novelda Impulse Radar, http://www.novelda.no, .
doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2009.2014962

10. Oncu, A., B. B. M. Wasanthamala Badalawa, and M. Fujishima, "22-29 GHz ultra-wideband CMOS pulse generator for short-range radar applications," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 42, No. 7, 1464-1471, Jul. 2007.
doi:10.1109/JSSC.2007.899099

11. Kjelgard, K. G. and T. S. Lande, "A 26 GHz UWB CMOS IR-UWB transmitter with on-chip balun," NORCHIP, 1-4, Nov. 2012.

12. Kjelgard, K. G. and T. S. Lande, "Design of 26 GHz UWB CMOS pulse-mode transmitter with on-chip balun for SRR applications," 2012 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), Sep. 2012.

13. Johansen, T. and V. Krozer, "Analysis and design of lumped element marchand baluns," 17th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, 2008, MIKON 2008, 1-4, May 2008.