volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a novel frequency reconfigurable U-slot microstrip antenna with T- shaped feed line for Software Defined Radio applications is proposed. The proposed antenna, indexed as A-I in this paper, operates at three different frequencies: 1.85 GHz, 1.9 GHz and 2.4 GHz depending on the switching states of PIN diodes. Furthermore, to strengthen the proposed design concept and strategy another improved antenna (A-II) is designed and tested. In comparison to antenna A-I, the improved antenna design (A-II) utilizes four slots/PIN diodes in order to increase the number of reconfigurable frequency states. Depending on the switch states of four PIN diodes, antenna A-II operates on five different reconfigurable frequency bands centered at: 1.5 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 1.9 GHz and 2.24 GHz. The measured results show a return loss better than 22dB, maximum gain of 2.5 dB and maximum efficiency of 78%. Moreover, radiation pattern for the proposed antennas is stable at all operating frequencies.

1. Hall, P. S., P. Gardner, and A. Faraone, "Antenna requirements for software defined and cognitive radios," Proc. of IEEE --- Invited Paper, Vol. 100, No. 7, 2262-2270, Jul. 2012.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2012.2182969 Google Scholar

2. Tawk, Y., M. Bkassiny, G. E. Howayek, S. Jayaweera, and K. Avery, "Reconfigurable frontend antennas for cognitive radio applications," IET Microw. Antennas & Propag., Vol. 5, No. 8, 985-992, 2011.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2010.0358 Google Scholar

3. Mansoul, A., F. Ghanem, M. R. Hamid, and M. Trabelsi, "A selective frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 13, 515-518, 2014.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2311114 Google Scholar

4. Sharma, S., M. Gupta, and C. C. Tripathi, "Reconfigurable antennae: A review," International Journal on Electronics and Communication Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, 131-135, 2011. Google Scholar

5. Pazin, L. and Y. Leviatan, "Reconfigurable slot antenna for switchable multiband operation in a wide frequency range," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 12, 329-332, 2013.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2013.2246855 Google Scholar

6. Yang, F. and Y. R. Samii, "A Reconfiguarble patch antenna using switchable slot for circular polarization diversity," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 12, No. 3, 96-98, Mar. 2002.
doi:10.1109/7260.989863 Google Scholar

7. Qin, P. Y., A. R. Weily, Y. J. Guo, and C. H. Liang, "Polarization reconfigurable U slot patch antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 10, 3383-3388, Oct. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2055808 Google Scholar

8. Daly, M. P. and J. T. Bernhard, "RF MEMS switch model for reconfigurable antenna design," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Symp., 1-4, San Diego, CA, Jul. 2008. Google Scholar

9. Sim, C. Y. D., T. Y. Han, and Y. J. Liao, "Frequency reconfigurable half annular ring slot antenna design," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 62, No. 6, 3428-3431, Jun. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2314314 Google Scholar

10. Li, H., J. Xiong, Y. Yu, and H. Sailing, "A simple compact reconfigurable slot antenna with a very wide tuning range," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 11, 3725-3728, Nov. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2071347 Google Scholar

11. Scardelletti, M. C., G. E. Ponchak, J. L. Jordan, and N. Jastram, "Tunable reduced size planar folded slot antenna utilizing varactor diodes," IEEE Radio and Wireless Symp., 547-550, New Orleans, LA, USA, Jan. 2010. Google Scholar

12. Majid, H. A., M. K. A. Rahim, M. R. Hamid, N. A. Murad, and M. F. Ismail, "Frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch-slot antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 12, 218-220, 2013.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2013.2245293 Google Scholar

13. Majid, H. A., M. K. A. Rahim, M. R. Hamid, N. A. Murad, and M. F. Ismail, "Frequency and pattern reconfigurable slot antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 62, No. 10, 5339-5343, Oct. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2342237 Google Scholar

14. Chiu, C. Y., J. Li, S. Song, and R. D. Murch, "Frequency-reconfigurable pixel slot antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 60, No. 10, 4921-4924, Oct. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2207334 Google Scholar

15. Ren, Z., W.-T. Li, L. Xu, and X.-W. Shi, "A compact frequency reconfigurable unequal U-slot antenna with a wide tunability range," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 39, 9-16, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERL13022508 Google Scholar

16. Behdad, N. and K. Sarabandi, "Dual band reconfigurable antenna with a very wide tunability range," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, No. 2, 409-416, Feb. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.863412 Google Scholar

17. Shirazi, M., T. Li, and X. Gong, "Effects of PIN diode switches on the performance of reconfigurable slot-ring antenna," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Jul. 19–24, 2015. Google Scholar

Dr. Sonia Sharma

Dr. Chandra Charu Tripathi