volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This article basically deals with the implementation of a negligible resistance varactor with a wide capacitance value into a modified version of a cedar shape antenna [1]. The electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna are manipulated both at the level of fractal geometry and electrical length using diodes. The antenna achieves tunability in a wide frequency range as a quad band antenna operating between 1.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz when 3 pairs of varactors are connected across slots. Pin diodes are also implemented leading to tunability in triple frequency bands between 3.7 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Moreover, implementing pin diodes as switches allows frequency reconfigurability of a dual band between 2.5 and 4 GHz and a single band of 6.6 GHz. The antenna RF frequencies have many applications in wireless communication that cover GPS, Bluetooth, WIFI, WIMAX and WLAN.

1. Madi, M. A., M. Al-Husseini, A. H. Ramadan, K. Y. Kabalan, and A. El-Hajj, "A reconfigurable cedar-shaped microstrip antenna for wireless applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 25, 209-221, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERC11101204 Google Scholar

2. Murugan, T. S. S. M., "A review on frequency reconfigurable microstrip antennas," i-Manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, Vol. 4, 32-42, Jul.-Sep 2015. Google Scholar

3. Zammit, J. A. and A. Muscat, "Tunable microstrip antenna using switchable patches," 2008 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, 233-236, Mar. 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAPC.2008.4516909 Google Scholar

4. Chen, J.-X., J. Shi, and Z.-H. Bao, "Tunable and switchable bandpass filters using slot-line resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 111, 25-41, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER10100808 Google Scholar

5. Cao, Y., S. W. Cheung, and T. I. Yuk, "Frequency-reconfigurable multiple-input-multiple-output monopole antenna with wide-continuous tuning range," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 10, No. 12, 1322-1331, 2016.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2015.0295 Google Scholar

6. Kumar, J., F. A. Talukdar, and B. Basu, "Frequency reconfigurable E-shaped patch antenna for medical applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 58, No. 9, 2214-2217, 2016.
doi:10.1002/mop.30018 Google Scholar

7. Sato, S., S. Saito, and Y. Kimura, "A frequency tunable ring microstrip antenna fed by an Lprobe with varactor diodes," 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2409-2410, Jul. 2015.

8. Shynu, S. V., G. Augustin, C. K. Aanandan, P. Mohanan, and K. Vasudevan, "Development of a varactor-controlled dual-frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna," Microwave & Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 46, No. 4, 375-377, 2005.
doi:10.1002/mop.20991 Google Scholar

9. Liang, J. and H. Y. D. Yang, "Varactor loaded tunable printed PIFA," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 15, 113-131, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB09041108 Google Scholar

10. Al-Charchafchi, S. H. and M. Frances, "Electronically tunable microstrip patch antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1998 Digest, Antennas: Gateways to the Global Network, Vol. 1, 304-307, held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36), Jun. 1998.

11. Bhartia, P. and I. Bahl, "A frequency agile microstrip antenna," 1982 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 20, 304-307, May 1982.

12. Babakhani, B. and S. K. Sharma, "Investigations on frequency agile microstrip patch antenna loaded with varactor diode," 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), 664-665, Jul. 2013.

13. Atallah, H. A., A. B. Abdel-Rahman, K. Yoshitomi, and R. K. Pokharel, "Compact frequency reconfigurable filtennas using varactor loaded T-shaped and H-shaped resonators for cognitive radio applications," IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 10, 991-1001, Jul. 2016.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2015.0700 Google Scholar

14. Khidre, A., F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, "Circularly polarized beam-scanning microstrip antenna using a reconfigurable parasitic patch of tunable electrical size," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, 2858-2866, Jul. 2015.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2015.2428732 Google Scholar

15. Aghdam, S. A., "A novel uwb monopole antenna with tunable notched behavior using varactor diode," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 13, 1243-1246, 2014.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2332449 Google Scholar

16. Al-Husseini, M. M. M. and K. Y. Kabalan, "Effect of different varactor models on antenna tunability," HPCS Conf., accepted Italy, Jul. 2017.

17. Petko, J. S. and D. H. Werner, "Miniature reconfigurable three-dimensional fractal tree antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, 1945-1956, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.832491 Google Scholar

18. https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/skyworks-solutions-inc/SMP1322 079LF/863-1100-1- ND/2052232).

19. H.-N. https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/toshiba-semiconductor-and storage/1SV325.

Dr. Mervat Akram Madi

Dr. Mohammed Al-Husseini

Professor Karim Youssef Kabalan