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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2022-02-22
Compact Broadband 3 × 3 Nolen Matrix with Flat Output Ports Phase Differences
By
Hongmei Liu,

    Professor Hongmei Liu

    School of Information Science and Technology

    Dalian Maritime University

    China

    Homepage

Hongxiao Zhang,

    Dr. Hongxiao Zhang

    Dalian Maritime University

    China

    Homepage

Da Yu,

    Dr. Da Yu

    Dalian Maritime University

    China

    Homepage

Shao-Jun Fang,

    Prof. Shao-Jun Fang

    Information Engineering College

    Dalian Maritime University

    China

    Homepage

Zhongbao Wang

    Dr. Zhongbao Wang

    School of Information Science and Technology

    Dalian Maritime University

    China

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 103, 49-56, 2022
doi:10.2528/PIERL21112201 | Google Scholar

Abstract
In the paper, a compact broadband 3×3 Nolen matrix with flatten output ports phase differences is presented. By using two types of three-branch quadrature couplers, wideband impedance matching and flatten output ports amplitudes are obtained. Besides, imbalanced output ports phase differences are compensated by inserting two differential phase shifters between the couplers. Design equations for the proposed structure are derived, and influences of the two differential phase shifters on the phase differences of the Nolen matrix are investigated. To verify the effectiveness of the structure, a prototype operating at 5.8 GHz is fabricated and measured. Measurement results agree well with the simulated ones. Fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 31.21% and 45.17% are obtained for 15-dB return loss and 15-dB isolation. Moreover, under the criterions of amplitude imbalance < 1 dB and phase difference < 5°, the measured FBWs are more than 23.20% and 23.96%, respectively.
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Citation
Hongmei Liu, Hongxiao Zhang, Da Yu, Shao-Jun Fang, and Zhongbao Wang, "Compact Broadband 3 × 3 Nolen Matrix with Flat Output Ports Phase Differences," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 103, 49-56, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERL21112201
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