2022-05-31
Low Sidelobe and Tilted Beam Microstrip Antenna for Circularly-Polarized SAR Onboard UAV
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 104, 95-103, 2022
Abstract
This work is purposed to provide microstrip antennas for a CP-SAR system with low sidelobe, tilted beam, and circular polarization. This antenna is configured for the L-band (1.27 GHz) mounting on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The proposed microstrip antenna consists of three-square radiating elements, due to the ease in fabrication. Meanwhile, the proximity structure has been adopted in the feeding network. The tilted beam was obtained by arranging the different phases for each element. On the other hand, a low sidelobe was achieved by managing the power distribution of each patch using the Chebyshev polynomial. The proposed antenna was precisely printed and examined in an anechoic chamber to verify the characteristics of the antenna such as polarization, sidelobe level, and beam direction. Based on the measurement results, the proposed antenna has a tilted beam and a low side lobe that meets the specifications of the CP-SAR system.
Citation
Yohandri, Asrizal, Asif Awaludin, and Josaphat Tetuko Sri Sumantyo, "Low Sidelobe and Tilted Beam Microstrip Antenna for Circularly-Polarized SAR Onboard UAV," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 104, 95-103, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERL22032803
References

1. Owusu Twumasi, J., P. De Stefano, and J. T. Christian, "The application of synthetic aperture radar imaging technique to measure moisture content of concrete structures," Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., Vol. 152, 107335, 2020.
doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107335        Google Scholar

2. Tanase, M. A., et al. "Synthetic aperture radar sensitivity to forest changes: A simulations-based study for the Romanian forests," Sci. Total Environ., Vol. 689, 1104-1114, 2019.
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.494        Google Scholar

3. Tetuko, J., et al. "Development of circularly polarized synthetic aperture radar on-board UAV JX-1," Int. J. Remote Sens., 4762-4765, 2017.        Google Scholar

4. Schwegmann, C. P., W. Kleynhans, B. P. Salmon, L. W. Mdakane, and R. G. V. Meyer, "Very deep learning for ship discrimination in Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery," International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 104-107, 2016.        Google Scholar

5. Sumantyo, J. T. S. and K. V. Chet, "Development of circularly polarized synthetic aperture radar onboard UAV for earth diagnosis," Proceedings of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR, 2012.        Google Scholar

6. Brookner, E., W. M. Hall, and R. H. Westlake, "Faraday loss for L-band radar and communications systems," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., Vol. 21, No. 4, 459-469, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAES.1985.310634        Google Scholar

7. Yahya, M. and Z. Awang, "Cross polarization ratio analysis of circular polarized patch antenna," Proc. - 2010 12th Int. Conf. Electromagn. Adv. Appl. ICEAA'10, 442-445, 2010.
doi:10.1109/ICEAA.2010.5653152        Google Scholar

8. Fukusako, T., "Broadband characterization of circularly polarized waveguide antennas using L-shaped probe," J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci., Vol. 17, No. 1, 1-8, 2017.
doi:10.5515/JKIEES.2017.17.1.1        Google Scholar

9. Rignot, E. J. M., "Effect of Faraday rotation on L-band interferometric and polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar data," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 383-390, 2000.
doi:10.1109/36.823934        Google Scholar

10. Baharuddin, M., V. Wissan, J. Tetuko Sri Sumantyo, and H. Kuze, "Elliptical microstrip antenna for circularly polarized synthetic aperture radar," AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun., Vol. 65, No. 1, 62-67, 2011.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2010.01.012        Google Scholar

11. Shookooh, B. R., A. Monajati, and H. Khodabakhshi, "Theory, design, and implementation of a new family of ultra-wideband metamaterial microstrip array antennas based on fractal and fibonacci geometric patterns," J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci., Vol. 20, No. 1, 53-63, 2020.
doi:10.26866/jees.2020.20.1.53        Google Scholar

12. Yohandri, V. Wissan, I. Firmansyah, P. Rizki Akbar, J. T. Sri Sumantyo, and H. Kuze, "Development of circularly polarized array antenna for synthetic aperture radar sensor installed on UAV," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 19, 119-133, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIERC10121708        Google Scholar

13. Hussein, M., Yohandri, J. T. S. Sumantyo, and A. Yahia, "A low sidelobe level of circularly polarized microstrip array antenna for CP-SAR sensor," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 27, No. 15, 1931-1941, Oct. 2013.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2013.828577        Google Scholar

14. Yohandri, J. T. Sri Sumantyo, and H. Kuze, "Circularly polarized array antennas for synthetic aperture radar," PIERS Proceedings, 1244-1247, Suzhou, China, Sep. 12-16, 2011.        Google Scholar

15. Varshney, H. K., M. Kumar, A. K. Jaiswal, R. Saxena, and K. Jaiswal, "A survey on different feeding techniques of rectangular microstrip patch antenna," Int. J. Curr. Eng. Technol., Vol. 4, No. 3, 1418-1423, 2014.        Google Scholar

16. Clay, A. C., S. C. Wooh, L. Azar, and J. Y. Wang, "Experimental study of phased array beam steering characteristics," J. Nondestruct. Eval., Vol. 18, 59-71, 1999.
doi:10.1023/A:1022618321612        Google Scholar

17. Balanis, C. E., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., 1136, 2005.

18. Kim, J. O., W. S. Yoon, and S. M. Han, "Frequency-selective beamforming array antenna systems with frequency-dependent phase shifters," J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 4, 259-265, 2019.
doi:10.26866/jees.2019.19.4.259        Google Scholar

19. Lee, S. G. and J. H. Lee, "Calculating array patterns using an active element pattern method with ground edge effects," J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci., Vol. 18, No. 3, 175-181, 2018.
doi:10.26866/jees.2018.18.3.175        Google Scholar

20. Lee, K. F. and K. F. Tong, "Microstrip patch antennas," Handbook of Antenna Technologies, 2016.        Google Scholar

21. Verma, R. K., N. K. Saxena, and P. K. S. Pourush, "Effect of air-gap technique in bandwidth of microstrip patch array antenna," Int. J. Res. Publ. Eng. Technol. [IJRPET], Vol. 3, No. 6, 165-168, 2017.        Google Scholar

22. Arora, A., A. Khemchandani, Y. Rawat, S. Singhai, and G. Chaitanya, "Comparative study of different feeding techniques for rectangular microstrip patch antenna," Int. J. Innov. Res. Electr. Electron. Instrum. Control Eng., Vol. 3, No. 5, 2-35, 2015.        Google Scholar

23. Garg, R., P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, 2001.

24. Gautam, A. K., P. Benjwal, and B. K. Kanaujia, "A compact square microstrip antenna for circular polarization," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 54, No. 4, 897-900, 2012.
doi:10.1002/mop.26746        Google Scholar

25. Rizki Akbar, P., J. T. S. Sumantyo, and H. Kuze, "CP-SAR UAV Development," International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, Vol. XXXVIII, Part 8, 203-208, 2010.        Google Scholar

26. Bevelacqua, P. J. and C. Balanis, "Antenna arrays: Performance limits and geometry optimization,", 158 pages, Arizona State Univ., 2008.        Google Scholar

27. Alieldin, A., Y. Huang, M. Stanley, and S. Joseph, "A circularly polarized circular antenna array for satellite TV reception," 2018 15th Eur. Radar Conf. EuRAD 2018, 505-508, 2018.        Google Scholar

28. Huang, J., W. Lin, F. Qiu, C. Jiang, D. Lei, and Y. J. Guo, "A low profile, ultra-lightweight, high efficient circularly-polarized antenna array for Ku band satellite applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 5, 18356-18365, 2017.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2750318        Google Scholar