Abstract

This paper aims to model and analyze planar antennas for high frequencies using an iterative wave design procedure (WCIP). The formulation adopted in the method allowed determining a basic equation for the interaction of linearly combined electromagnetic fields with the incident and reflected waves in various dielectric media over a discontinuity. In this paper, we design a broadband terahertz patch antenna using graphene. We propose to design a new numerical tool to model the implementation of graphene to achieve an efficient and flexible antenna. The design methodology started with the design of a compact conventional microstrip antenna for 118.87 GHz, and the antenna was then miniaturized using rectangular slots. Based on the simulation results, the suggested structure antenna with a slot can offer great characteristics in terms of broadband performance and frequency reconfiguration using various voltages on the graphene. The antenna provides frequency bands f_r1 = 118.7 GHz, f_r2 = 120 GHz, f_r3 = 123.36 GHz, f_r4 = 128.27 GHz, f_r5 = 131 GHz and f_r6 = 132.8 GHz with a bandwidth is Δf_r1 = 9.5 GHz, Δf_r2 = 3.66 GHz, Δf_r3 = 4 GHz, Δf_r4 = 3.23 GHz, Δf_r5 = 3.401 GHz, Δf_r6 = 3.01 GHz and uniform radiation patterns, the value of VSWR between 1 and 2 for different chemical potential value respectively μ_c = 0.1 eV, μ_c = 0.2 eV, μ_c = 0.3 eV, μ_c = 0.4 eV, μ_c = 0.5 eV, μ_c = 0.6 eV using polyimide with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.008. In addition, we studied the effect of different substrate materials (Arlon and Duroid 5880). The simulation is performed using a new WCIP equation, and the validation is performed by comparison with the finite integration method in technique (FIT). A comparison of the computation time is presented in this paper.

1. Tuyen, V. V., L. Krishnamurthy, S. Qing, and A. Rezazadeh, "3-D lowloss coplanar waveguide transmission lines in multilayer MMICs," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 54, No. 6, 2864-2871, 2006.
doi:

504 Gateway Time-out

Google Scholar

2. Gardner, P., P. Hall, E. Lee, and R. Foster, "Millimetre wave antennas using microstrip and air spaced suspended line techniques for vehicular communications and radar," IEEE Proceedings of The European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2006, Nice, France, November 6-10, 2006.
doi:The server didn't respond in time. Google Scholar

3. Wasige, E., G. Kompa, F. van Raay, I. W. Rangelow, et al. "Air bridge based planar hybrid technology for microwave and millimeter wave applications," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 2, No. 6, 925-928, 1997.
doi: Google Scholar

4. Ng, C. H., C.-S. Ho, S.-F. Chu, and S.-C. Sun, "MIM capacitor integration for mixed-signal/RF applications," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 52, No. 7, 1399-1409, 2005. Google Scholar

5. Gao, X. K., E. K. Chua, and P. E. Li, "Application of integrated transmission line modeling and behavioral modeling on electromagnetic immunity synthesis," IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), 910-915, Long Beach, August 14-19, 2011. Google Scholar

6. Akatimagool, M., H. Aubert, and H. Baudrand, "Analysis of multi-layer integrated inductors with wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP)," IEEE MTT-S International in Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 1, No. 10, 1941-1944, 2001. Google Scholar

7. Tellache, M. and H. Baudrand, "Efficient iterative method for characterization of microwave planar circuits," 11th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Vol. 1, No. 10, 265-272, 2001. Google Scholar

8. Mondir, A. and S. Larbi, "A new PIFA antenna for future mobile and wireless communication," E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 351, 01085, 2022. Google Scholar

9. Mondir, A. and S. Larbi, "Metamaterial inspired patch antenna loaded with an interdigital capacitor for wireless applications," International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology, IJMOT, Vol. 17, 375-384, 2022. Google Scholar

10. Hussain, M., S. M. R. Jarchavi, S. I. Naqvi, U. Gulza, S. Khan, I. Alibakhshikenari, and I. Huynen, "Design and fabrication of a printed tri-band antenna for 5G applications operating across Ka-, and V-band spectrums," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 21, 2674, 2021. Google Scholar

11. Hussain, M., A. Mousa, S. M. R. Jarchavi, A. Zaidi, A. I. Najam, A. A. Alotaibi, A. Althobaiti, and S. M. Ghoneim, "Design and characterization of compact broadband antenna and its MIMO configuration for 28 GHz 5G applications," Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 523, 2022. Google Scholar

12. Hussain, M., S. N. R. Rizvi, W. A. Awan, N. Husain, and A. Hameed, "On-demand frequency reconfigurable flexible antenna for 5G sub-6-GHz and ISM band applications," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded, and Intelligent Systems, 1085-1092, WITS, Springer, Singapore, 2022. Google Scholar

13. Hussain, M., S. I. Naqvi, W. A. Awan, W. A. E. Ali, E. M. Ali, S. Khan, and M. Alibakhshikenari, "Simple wideband extended aperture antenna-inspired circular patch for V-band communication systems," International Journal of Electronics and Communications, AEU, Vol. 144, 154061, 2022. Google Scholar

14. Hussain, N., T. K. Nguyen, and I. Park, "Performance comparison of a planar substrate-integrated Fabry-Perot cavity antenna with different unit cells at terahertz frequency," 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP, 2016. Google Scholar

15. Hussain, N. and I. Park, "Optimization of a small lens for a leaky-wave slit dipole antenna at the terahertz band," International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 782-783, IEEE, 2016. Google Scholar

16. El Haffar, R., A. Farkhsi, and O. Mahboub, "Optical properties of MIM plasmonic waveguide with an elliptical cavity resonator," Applied Physics A, Vol. 126, 1-10, 2020. Google Scholar

17. Salouha, A., L. Latrach, A. Gharsallah, A. Gharbi, and H. Baudrand, "Characterization of switchable and multilayered FSS circuits using theWCIP method," IJERA, Vol. 4, No. 10, 109-116, 2014. Google Scholar

18. Kazemi, A. H. and A. Mokhtari, "Graphene-based patch antenna tunable in the three atmospheric windows," Inter. J. Light Electron Opt., Vol. 142, No. 10, 475-482, 2017. Google Scholar

19. Tamagnone, M., J. Gymez-Daz, J. Perruisseau-Carrier, and R. Mosig, "Reconfigurable terahertz plasmonic antenna concept using a graphene stack," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 101, 214101-214104, 2012. Google Scholar

20. Anand, S., D. S. Kumar, R. J.Wu, and M. Chavali, "Graphene nanoribbon based terahertz antenna on polyimide substrate," Optik, Vol. 101, No. 19, 5546-5549, 2014. Google Scholar

21. Nikolaos, M., "Dynamic modulation of plasmon excitations in monolayer graphene,", Doctoral Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. Google Scholar

22. Azizi, M. K., N. Raveu, A. Gharsallah, and H. Baudrand, "A new approach of almost periodic lumped elements circuits by an iterative method using auxiliary sources," American Journal of Applied Science, Vol. 10, 1457-1472, 2013. Google Scholar

23. Julien, P. C., "Graphene for antenna applications: Opportunities and challenges from microwaves to THz," 2012 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2012. Google Scholar

24. Ghajar, A., A. Keshtkar, S. Jarchi, and H. Ghorbaninejad, "Fast designing approach for planar graphene filtering leaky-wave antennas," Optik, Vol. 4, No. 214101, 169284, 2022. Google Scholar

25. Jiang, S., R. Song, Z. Hu, Y. Xin, G. L. Huang, and D. He, "Millimeter wave phased array antenna based on highly conductive graphene-assembled film for 5G applications," Carbon, Vol. 4, No. 190, 493-498, 2022. Google Scholar

26. Fakharian Mohammad, M., "A graphene-based multi-functional terahertz antenna," Optik, Vol. 251, 168431, 2022. Google Scholar

27. Shubham, A., D. Samantaray, S. K. Ghosh, S. Dwivedi, and S. Bhattacharyya, "Performance improvement of a graphene patch antenna using metasurface for THz applications," Optik, Vol. 251, 169412, 2022. Google Scholar

28. Mir, M. S. and A. S. Ramazan, "Antenna gain enhancement by using metamaterial radome at THz band with reconfigurable characteristics based on graphene load," J. Opt. Quant. Elec., Vol. 221, 1-13, 2017. Google Scholar

29. Dhillon, S. S., M. S. Vitiello, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, and M. C. Hoffmann, "The 2017 terahertz science and technology roadmap," J. Phy. D: Appl. Phy., Vol. 50, 1064-1076, 2017. Google Scholar

30. Leonardo, V., C. P. Dominique, K. Antonio, A. Konstantin, and B. Ziya, "Plasmawave terahertz detection mediated by topological insulators surface states," Nano Letters, Vol. 16, 1-18, 1076, 2017. Google Scholar

31. Liao, S. Y., Microwave Circuit Analysis and Amplifier Design, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987.

32. Nuangpirom, P., S. Inchan, and S. Akatimagool, "Wave iterative method for patch antenna analysis," Applied Mathematics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 403, 2015. Google Scholar

33. Sharma, A. and G. Singh, "Rectangular microstirp patch antenna design at THz frequency for short distance wireless communication systems," J. Infrared Millimeter Terahertz Waves, Vol. 30, 1-7, 2009. Google Scholar

34. Deng, X. and Y. Li, "340 GHz on-chip 3-D antenna with 10 dBi gain and 80 radiation efficiency," IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol., Vol. 5, 619-627, 2015. Google Scholar

35. Li, C. and Y. Chiul, "340-GHz low-cost and high-gain on-chip higher order mode dielectric resonator antenna for THz applications," IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol., Vol. 7, 284-294, 2017. Google Scholar

36. Pitra, K., Z. Raida, and H. Hartnagel, "Design of circularly polarized terahertz antenna with interdigital electrode photomixer," 7th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propagation, EuCAP, Vol. 7, 2431-2434, 2013. Google Scholar

37. Ullah, S., C. Ruan, T. Haq, and X. Zhang, "High performance THz patch antenna using photonic band gap and defected ground structure," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 33, No. 15, 1943-1954, 2019. Google Scholar

38. Kushwaha, R., P. Karuppanan, and L. Malviya, "Design and analysis of novel microstrip patch antenna on photonic crystal in THz," Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 107-112, 2018. Google Scholar

Dr. Anouar Mondir

Dr. Larbi Setti

Dr. Rida El Haffar

504 Gateway Time-out