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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2026-05-15
Dielectric Measurements of High Dielectric Constant Materials at Microwave Frequency Using Five Well-Known Mixture Equations
By
Jyh Sheen,

    Dr. Jyh Sheen

    Department of Electronic Engineering

    National Formosa University

    Taiwan

    Homepage

Yong-Lin Wang

    Dr. Yong-Lin Wang

    Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical and Materials Science

    National Formosa University

    Taiwan

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 130, 66-72, 2026
doi:10.2528/PIERL26040601 | Google Scholar

Abstract
The dielectric constant, which is the real part of the complex permittivity, of composite materials at microwave frequencies was investigated in this study. Ceramics of titanium dioxide, calcium titanate, and strontium titanate with high dielectric constants of 100, 170, and 300, respectively, were selected. Ceramic powders were spread in the polyethylene matrix to form composite samples. The dielectric constants of the composite samples were measured to determine their matching conditions with the mathematical curves of five well-known mixture equations. These five mixture rules were then applied to estimate the dielectric constants of the three selected ceramics from the measured dielectric properties of the composite samples with various volume percentages of ceramic fillers. The mathematical equations of the potential theory errors of the five mixture rules for the dielectric constant estimation were derived and discussed. One of the five rules was selected and modified to obtain a new empirical mixture equation. This proposed empirical equation can significantly improve the accuracy of dielectric constant measurements for the selected ceramic materials. An empirical mathematical relation of the new mixing rule with the dielectric constant of the ceramic is then concluded.
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Citation
Jyh Sheen, and Yong-Lin Wang, "Dielectric Measurements of High Dielectric Constant Materials at Microwave Frequency Using Five Well-Known Mixture Equations," PIER Letters, Vol. 130, 66-72, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERL26040601
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