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2024-09-17
PIER C
Vol. 148, 31-42, 2024
download: 36
A Dual-Band MIMO Antenna Based on Multimode for 5G Smartphone Applications
Han Lin , Wenjie Sun , Zhonggen Wang and Wenyan Nie
In order to meet the current demand for 5G smartphone antennas, this paper introduces a six-port dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed for 5G smartphones. Based on multimode, the antenna achieves multiple band coverage in a limited space, making it of significant practical value in 5G cell phone antenna applications. The antenna features a structure comprising a modified L-shaped patch antenna, a gun-shaped slot in the ground plane, and two small stubs extending from the metal ground. This configuration creates a multimode antenna that is excited by two coupled feed loop modes and two slot modes. The feeder strips, which have been enhanced with L-shaped slots, form tuned branches, enabling the co-excitation of multiple modes. The MIMO system can operate within the frequency range of 3.3-3.8 GHz and 4.4-7.5 GHz (S11 < -6 dB), covering the 5G communication bands including n78 (3.3-3.8 GHz)/n79 (4.4-5.0 GHz) and the LTE Band 46 (5.15-5.925 GHz). Additionally, the antenna exhibits an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.18, antenna efficiency ranging from 60% to 93%, and isolation between adjacent antenna elements better than 12.9 dB.
A Dual-band MIMO Antenna Based on Multimode for 5G Smartphone Applications
2024-09-12
PIER C
Vol. 148, 19-30, 2024
download: 47
A Terahertz Signal Transmission in Plasma Sheath with Different Vehicle Size
Zhikang Chu , Mingyang Mao , Jiawei Xiong , Ziyang Zhao , Rongxin Tang and Kai Yuan
Communication blackout is a serious threat to aerospace engineering. Over the past decade, the terahertz (THz) technology has been considered an effective solution to the blackout problem. However, it is currently unclear that how the size of the vehicle affects the conditions of the THz communication channel within the plasma sheath. In this study, a numerical hypersonic hydradynamical model is introduced to investigate the relationship between THz signal attenuation in the plasma sheaths and the size of the vehicle. The analysis shows that the size of the vehicle significantly influences the structure of the plasma sheath. The thickness of the plasma sheath increases linearly with the size of the vehicle. The maximum electron density in smaller vehicles shows unstable fluctuations, attributed to variations in size causing changes in the flow velocity and mass density, resulting in the variation of pressure distribution. Additionally, with the increase of plasma sheath thickness, the attenuation coefficient of THz signals increases linearly. Therefore, for the vehicles of large sizes, the designs that minimize the thickness of the plasma sheath, such as shaped configurations, are helpful to mitigate the communication blackout.
A Terahertz Signal Transmission in Plasma Sheath with Different Vehicle Size
2024-09-11
PIER C
Vol. 148, 9-18, 2024
download: 28
Transmission Characterization of Four-Layer PCB Differential Lines Based on Modified Kron's Methodology
Weibing Xiao , Kuangang Fan , Fazhu Zhou , Jizan Zhu and Shuliang Li
This paper addresses the high-frequency signal transmission problem of high-speed differential lines on four-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs). It establishes a mathematical model of high-speed differential lines in conjunction with modified Kron's methodology (MKM), a nontraditional circuit modeling method. The article builds the model through diakoptics of differential lines, then generates the corresponding topology maps, and finally creates the model through tensorial analysis of the network (TAN). The differential line model is simulated and optimized by HFSS. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of differential line spacing and grounding vias on the signal transmission of differential lines. Secondly, it analyzes the problem of multi-group differential line arrangement based on the above work. Finally, the experimental results obtained are consistent with the simulation ones.
Transmission Characterization of Four-Layer PCB Differential Lines Based on Modified Kron's Methodology
2024-09-11
PIER C
Vol. 148, 1-7, 2024
download: 53
SRA-DGS-NL Based Decoupling Scheme for MIMO Antenna
Revati C. Godi and Rajendra R. Patil
In this paper, a novel decoupling strategy for a MIMO antenna is proposed. This MIMO antenna system consists of two symmetric inverted L shaped antenna elements. To improve the isolation between radiating antenna elements, split ring arrays, neutralisation line and ground slots are employed. The MIMO antenna operates at 6.27 GHz. Neautralization line aids in cancelling the coupling by introducing reverse coupling. Ground slots introduce band-stop characteristic to nullify the coupling effect, and split ring array blocks the electromagnetic coupling reaching the other antenna element. The isolation parameters |S12| and S21 obtained are less than -21 dB. The diversity parameters envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain are investigated. Envelope correlation coefficient is within acceptable limit. These diversity parameters indicate that good diversity performance is achieved by the proposed MIMO antenna. Measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones. The suggested antenna is appropriate for many wireless applications, including IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 standards, as we deal with the sensitive environment.
SRA-DGS-NL Based Decoupling Scheme for MIMO Antenna