volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A conformal quasi-isotropic dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is first investigated for wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) application under the 5.8-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) standard. The probe-fed hemispherical DRA (HDRA) is studied to match the shape of the spherical dome end, and the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) tool is applied to analyze the resonant modes of the proposed antenna to reveal the intrinsic behavior of the dielectric resonator. It is found that the quasi-isotropic radiation pattern can be achieved by combining HDRA's TE_111sinφ mode which radiates like a magnetic dipole and a small ground plane's TM₁₀ mode that radiates like an electric dipole. In order to reach the requirement of 5.8 GHz in ISM, a ceramic hemispherical dielectric resonator with dielectric constant of 21.984 is investigated. The radius of the hemisphere is set to 5.35 mm. In free space, the measurement results show that the proposed antenna achieves 3.25% bandwidth, 86% maximum efficiency and 7.2 dB gain deviation. The antenna is also measured in pork to approximate human body environment. The measurement results demonstrate that the antenna achieves 3.20% bandwidth, 8.15% maximum efficiency and 9.0 dB gain deviation. Accordingly, the proposed antenna is suitable for WCE application at 5.8 GHz ISM standard.

1. Yun, S., K. Kim, and S. Nam, "Outer-wall loop antenna for ultrawideband capsule endoscope system," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 1135-1138, 2010.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2010.2094996

2. Miah, M. S., A. N. Khan, C. Icheln, et al. "Antenna system design for improved wireless capsule endoscope links at 433 MHz," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 4, 2687-2699, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2900389

3. Lee, S. H., J. Lee, Y. J. Yoon, S. Park, and S. Nam, "A wideband spiral antenna for ingestible capsule endoscope systems: Experimental results in a human phantom and a pig," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 58, No. 6, 1734-1741, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TBME.2011.2112659

4. Li, Y., Y. X. Guo, and S. Xiao, "Orientation insensitive antenna with polarization diversity for wireless capsule endoscope system," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 7, 3738-3743, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2705023

5. Duan, Z., L.-J. Xu, S. Gao, and W. Geyi, "Integrated design of wideband omnidirectional antenna and electronic components for wireless capsule endoscopy systems," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 29626-29636, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2840689

6. Cui, W., R. Liu, L. Wang, et al. "Design of wideband implantable antenna for wireless capsule endoscope system," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 12, 2706-2710, 2019.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2019.2949630

7. Wang, J., M. Leach, E. G. Lim, et al. "An implantable and conformal antenna for wireless capsule endoscopy," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 7, 1153-1157, 2018.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2018.2836392

8. Lei, W. and Y. X. Guo, "Design of a dual-polarized wideband conformal loop antenna for capsule endoscopy systems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 11, 5706-5715, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2862243

9. Shang, J. and Y. Yu, "An ultrawideband capsule antenna for biomedical applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 12, 2548-2551, 2019.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2019.2942842

10. Li, Y., Y. X. Guo, and S. Xiao, "Orientation insensitive antenna with polarization diversity for wireless capsule endoscope system," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 7, 3738-3743, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2705023

11. Abedian, M., S. K. A. Rahim, and M. Khalily, "Two-segments compact dielectric resonator antenna for UWB application," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 1533-1536, 2012.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2012.2232639

12. Liu, S., D. Yang, Y. Chen, et al. "Broadband dual circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 6, 4961-4966, 2020.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2020.2968768

13. Zhou, Y. D., Y. C. Jiao, Z. B. Weng, et al. "A novel single-fed wide dual-band circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 15, 930-933, 2015.

14. Pan, Y. M. and K. W. Leung, "Wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with parasitic strips," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 6, 2992-2997, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2194678

15. Lee, M. T., K. M. Luk, K. W. Leung, et al. "A small dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, No. 10, 1485-1487, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2002.806539

16. Al-Alem, Y. and A. A. Kishk, "Wideband millimeter-wave dielectric resonator antenna with gain enhancement," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 12, 2711-2715, 2019.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2019.2949947

17. Petosa, A. and S. Thirakoune, "Rectangular dielectric resonator antennas with enhanced gain," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1385-1389, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2109690

18. Mukherjee, B., P. Patel, and J. Mukherjee, "A review of the recent advances in dielectric resonator antennas," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 34, No. 9, 1095-1158, 2020.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2020.1744484

19. Mukherjee, B., P. Patel, and J. Mukherjee, "Hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna based on apollonian gasket of circles - A fractal approach," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 1, 40-47, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2287011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2287011

20. Mukherjee, B., P. Patel, and J. Mukherjee, "A novel cup-shaped inverted hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 12, 1240-1243, 2013.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2013.2283213

21. Mukherjee, B., P. Patel, G. S. Reddy, and J. Mukherjee, "A novel half hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna with array of slots for wideband applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 36, 207-221, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERC12122002

22. Choudhary, D. K. and R. K. Chaudhary, "Compact filtering antenna using asymmetric CPW-fed based CRLH structure," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 126, 2020.

23. Choudhary, D. K. and R. K. Chaudhary, "Vialess wideband bandpass filter using CRLH transmission line with semi-circular stub," II International Conference on Microwave & Photonics, ICMAP-2015, IEEE, 2016.

24. Pan, Y. M., K. W. Leung, and K. Lu, "Compact quasi-isotropic dielectric resonator antenna with small ground plane," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 2, 577-585, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2292082

25. Hu, P. F., Y. M. Pan, X. Y. Zhang, et al. "A compact quasi-isotropic dielectric resonator antenna with filtering response," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 2, 1294-1299, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2883611

26. Liu, C., Y. X. Guo, and S. Xiao, "Circularly polarized helical antenna for ISM-band ingestible capsule endoscope systems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 12, 6027-6039, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2364074

27. Su, Z., K. Klionovski, R. M. Bilal, and A. Shamim, "A dual bandadditively manufactured 3D antenna on package with near-isotropic radiation pattern," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 7, 3295-3305, Apr. 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2823729

28. Duan, Y.-X. Guo, M. Je, and D.-L. Kwong, "Design and in vitro test of a differentially fed dual-band implantable antenna operating at MICS and ISM bands," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 5, 2430-2439, May 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2309130

29. Mukherjee, B. and A. Raj, "Investigation of a hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna for enhanced bandwidth of operation," International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics & Mechanics, Vol. 41, No. 4, 457-466, 2013.
doi:10.3233/JAE-121636

30. Zhang, K., C. Liu, X. Liu, et al. "A conformal differentially fed antenna for ingestible capsule system," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 4, 1695-1703, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2804673

Dr. Beibei Xing

Dr. Yueyuan Zhang

Dr. Hui Zou

Dr. Zhiwei Liu