volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Simulation and realization of an active metamateial cell are presented. This metamaterial cell has a power loss due to resistance in the coils. This paper presents a new nanometer negative resistance MOSFET (NR-MOSFET), which is used as a controllable negative resistance to compensate for the nanometer metamaterial losses. The negative resistance was about -320Ω. A form of a lumped circuit model with active and passive resonance is presented. A negative real part of the refractive index exists in a band width from 1.11 GHz to 1.22 GHz. This model can be used as a core cell for mobile communication smart antenna.

1. Cui, T. J., H. F. Ma, R. Liu, B. Zhao, Q. Cheng, and J. Y. Chin, "A symmetrical circuit model describing all kinds of circuit meta materials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 5, 63-76, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08013009 Google Scholar

2. Lagarkov, A. N., V. N. Kisel, and V. N. Semenenko, "Wide-angle absorption by the use of a metamaterial plate," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 1, 35-44, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL07111809 Google Scholar

3. Abdalla, M. A. and Z. Hu, "On the study of left-handed coplanar waveguide coupler on ferrite substrate," Progress In Electromagnetics Letters, Vol. 1, 69-75, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL07111808 Google Scholar

4. Suyama, T., Y. Okuno, and T. Matsuda, "Plasmon resonance-absorption in a metal grating and its application for refractive-index measurement," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 2, 185-169, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306775777305 Google Scholar

5. Grzegorezyk, T. M. and J. A. Kong, "Review of left-handed metamaterials: Evolution from theoretical and numerical studies to potential applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 14, 2035-2064, 2006. Google Scholar

6. Ramakrishna, S. A. and J. B. Pendry, "Removal of absorption and increase in resolution in a near-field lens via optical gain," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 67, No. 20, 201101, 2003.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.67.201101 Google Scholar

7. Noginov, M. A., G. Zhu, M. Bahoura, J. Adegoke, C. E. Small, B. A. Ritzo, V. P. Drachev, and V. M. Shalaev, "Enhancement of surface plasmons in an Ag aggregate by optical gain in a dielectric medium ," Opt. Lett., Vol. 31, 3022, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OL.31.003022 Google Scholar

8. Popov, A. K. and V. M. Shalaev, "Compensating losses in negative-index metamaterials by optical parametric amplification," Opt. Lett., Vol. 31, 2169, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OL.31.002169 Google Scholar

9. Shalaev, V. M., "Optical negative-index metamaterials," Nat. Photonics, Vol. 1, 41-48, 2007.
doi:10.1038/nphoton.2006.49 Google Scholar

10. Chen, H., B.-I. Wu, and J. A. Kong, "Review of electromagnetic theory in left-handed materials," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 15, 2137-2151, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322585 Google Scholar

11. Guo, Y. and R. Xu, "Ultra-wideband power splitting/combining technique using zero-degree left-handed transmission lines," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 8, 1109-1118, 2007. Google Scholar

12. Wang, M. Y. and J. Xu, "FDTD study on scattering of metallic column covered by double-negative metamaterial," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 14, 1905-1914, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307783152777 Google Scholar

13. Shelby, R. A., N. Smith, and S. Schultz, "Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction," Science, Vol. 229, 77-79, 2001.
doi:10.1126/science.1058847 Google Scholar

14. Engheta, N., "An idea for thin sub wavelength cavity resonators using metamaterials with negative permittivity and permeability," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 1, No. 1, 10-13, 2002.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2002.802576 Google Scholar

15. Abdalla, M., "ET alga differential 0.13 μm CMOS active inductor for high-frequency shifters," IEEE ISCAS 2006, 3341-3344, 2006. Google Scholar

16. Vainikainen, P., et al. "Advances in diversity performance analysis of mobile terminal antennas," International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation ISAP, 649-652, Sendai, Japan, Aug. 2004. Google Scholar

17. El-Hennawy, A., E. Al-Mazuki, and S. A. L. Ghamdi, "Modeling and characterization of a new negative resistance NR-MOSFET for VLSI application.ICM 91," Proc. the International Conference Micro. Electronics, Cairo, Egypt, Dec.1991. Google Scholar

18. Chua, L., J. Yu, and Y.-Y. Yu, "Bipolar-JFET-MOSFET negative resistance devices," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 32, No. 1, 46-61, Jan.1985.
doi:10.1109/TCS.1985.1085599 Google Scholar

19. Ramadan, A., A. El-Hennawe, K. Hassan, and A. A. Elnour, "Study and characterization of a new MOSFET voltage controlled negative resistance for super selective IC tank circuits," International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 86, No. 3, 311-319, 1999.
doi:10.1080/002072199133454 Google Scholar

20. Ciais, P., R. Taraj, G. Kossiavas, and C. Luxey, "Design of an internal quad-band antenna for mobile phones," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 14, No. 4, 148-150, 2004.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2004.825186 Google Scholar

Dr. Mohamed Al-Azab