1. Carlson, J. D., D. N. Catanzarite, and K. A. St Clair, "Commercial magneto-rheological fluid device," Proceedings 5th Int. Conf. on ER Fluids, MR Suspensions and Associated Technology, W. Bullough (ed.), 20-28, World Scientific, Singapore, 1996.        Google Scholar

2. Carlson, J. D., "The promise of controllable fluids," Proc. of Actuator 94 (H. Borgmann and K. Lenz, Eds.), AXON Technologies Consult GmbH, 266-270, 1994.        Google Scholar

3. Kordonsky, W. I., "Elements and devices based on magnetorheological effect," J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., Vol. 4, No. 1, 65-69, 1993.
doi:10.1177/1045389X9300400108        Google Scholar

4. Shorey, A. and M. DeMarco, "Application of magneto-rheological finishing (MRF) to the figuring of adaptive optics systems," Adaptive Optics: Methods, Analysis and Applications, Charlotte, North Carolina, June 6, 2005.        Google Scholar

5. Lee, S. O., K. I. Jang, B. K. Min, S. J. Lee, and J. W. Seok, "A study on tribological properties of magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) in polishing process," Proceedings of the KSPE Spring Conference, Vol. 40, 20-33, 2006.        Google Scholar

6. Rossa, C., J. Lozada, and A. Micaelli, "Interaction Power Flow Based Control of a 1-DOF Hybrid Haptic Interface," Proceedings of International Conference, EuroHaptics 2012, Tampere, Finland, June 13-15, 2012.        Google Scholar

7. Bicchi, A., M. Raugi, R. Rizzo, and N. Sgambelluri, "Analysis and design of an electromagnetic system for the characterization of magneto-rheological fluids for haptic interfaces," IEEE Trans. on Mag., Vol. 41, No. 5, 1876-1879, May 2005.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2005.846280        Google Scholar

8. Scilingo, E. P., R. Rizzo, N. Sgambelluri, M. Raugi, and A. Bicchi, "Electromagnetic modeling and design of haptic interface prototypes based on magnetorheological fluids," IEEE Trans on Mag., Vol. 43, No. 9, September 2007.        Google Scholar

9. Rizzo, R., "A permanent magnets exciter for MRF-based haptic interfaces," IEEE Trans on Mag., Vol. 49, No. 4, 1390-1401, April 2013.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2012.2233491        Google Scholar

10. Raugi, M., N. Sgambelluri, E. P. Scilingo, A. Bicchi, and R. Rizzo, "Advanced modelling and preliminary psychophysical experiments for a free-hand haptic device," Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 1558-1563, 2006.        Google Scholar

11. Sgambelluri, N., M. Raugi, R. Rizzo, E.P. Scilingo, and A. Bicchi, "Free hand haptic interfaces based on magnetorheological fluids," Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on Haptics Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, Vol. 1, 367-371, 2006.
doi:10.1109/HAPTIC.2006.1627124        Google Scholar

12. Rossa, C., J. Lozada, and A. Micaelli, "A new hybrid actuator approach for force-feedback devices," IEEE/RSJ Inter. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 4054-4059, Vilamoura, 2012.        Google Scholar

13. Rabinow, J., "The magnetic fluid clutch," Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 67, No. 2, 1308-1315, 1948.
doi:10.1109/T-AIEE.1948.5059821        Google Scholar

14. Wu, J., X. Jiang, J. Yao, H. Li, and Z. Li, "Design and modeling of a multi-pole and dual-gap magnetorheological brake with individual currents," Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, 115, 2016.        Google Scholar

15. Forte, P., R. Rizzo, A. Musolino, F. Bucchi, and F. Frendo, "A multi-gap magnetorheological clutch with permanent magnet," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 7, 1-9, 2015.        Google Scholar

16. Shiao, Y. and Q. Nguyen, "Development of a multi-pole magnetorheological brake," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 22, No. 6, 1-13, 2013.
doi:10.1088/0964-1726/22/6/065008        Google Scholar

17. Bucchi, F., P. Forte, F. Frendo, A. Musolino, and R. Rizzo, "A fail-safe magnetorheological clutch excited by permanent magnets for the disengagement of automotive auxiliaries," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 25, No. 16, 2102-2114, 2014.
doi:10.1177/1045389X13517313        Google Scholar

18. Yildirim, G. and S. Genc, "Experimental study on heat transfer of the magnetorheological fluids," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 22, No. 8, 1-8, 2013.
doi:10.1088/0964-1726/22/8/085001        Google Scholar

19. Frendo, F., R. Rizzo, A. Musolino, F. Bucchi, and P. Forte, "Magnetic FEM design and experimental validation of an innovative fail-safe magnetorheological clutch excited by permanent magnets," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 29, No. 3, 628-640, September 2014.
doi:10.1109/TEC.2014.2325964        Google Scholar

20. Guo, H. T. and W. H. Liao, "A novel multifunctional rotary actuator with magnetorheological fluid," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 21, No. 6, 1-9, 2012.
doi:10.1088/0964-1726/21/6/065012        Google Scholar

21. Johnston, G. L., W. C. Kruckemeyer, and R. E. Longhouse, "Passive Magnetorheological clutch,", US Patent, 5848678, 1998.        Google Scholar

22. Saito, T. and H. Ikeda, "Development of normally closed type of magnetorheological clutch and its application to safe torque control system of human-collaborative robot," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 18, No. 12, 1181-1185, December 2007.
doi:10.1177/1045389X07084755        Google Scholar

23. Oh, H.-U., "Characteristics of a magnetorheological fluid isolator obtained by permanent magnet arrangement," IOP-Smart Mater. Struct., Vol. 13, 2004.        Google Scholar

24. Wiehe, A. and J. Maas, "Magnetorheological actuators with currentless bias torque for automotive applications," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 21, 1575-1585, 2010.
doi:10.1177/1045389X10385487        Google Scholar

25. Yang, B., T. Chen, G. Meng, Z. Feng, J. Jiang, S. Zhang, and Q. Zhou, "Design of a safety escape device based on magnetorheological fluid and permanent magnet," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 24, 49-60, 2013.
doi:10.1177/1045389X12459589        Google Scholar

26. Lai, H. C., R. Rizzo, and A. Musolino, "An electrodynamic/magnetorheological clutch powered by permanent magnets," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 53, No. 2, 1-7, February 2017.        Google Scholar

27. Tripodi, E., A. Musolino, M. Raugi, and R. Rizzo, "Stabilization of a permanent-magnet system via null-flux coils," IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, Vol. 43, No. 5, 1242-1247, May 2015.
doi:10.1109/TPS.2015.2404781        Google Scholar

28. Rizzo, R., "An innovative multi-gap clutch based on magneto-rheological fluids and electrodynamic effects: Magnetic design and experimental characterization," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 26, 1-11, 2017.        Google Scholar

29. L. C. Ltd., , www.lord.com/products-and-solutions/magneto-rheological-(mr)/mrproducts.xml.

30. Nguyen, Q. H., S. B. Choi, and N. M. Wereley, "Optimal design magnetorheological valves via a finite element method considering control energy and a time constant," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 17, 25024, 2008.
doi:10.1088/0964-1726/17/2/025024        Google Scholar

31. Cardelli, E., "A general hysteresis operator for the modeling of vector fields," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 47, No. 8, 20562067, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2011.2126589        Google Scholar

32. Cardelli, A. F. E. and E. Della Torre, "A general vector hysteresis operator: Extension to the 3-d case," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 46, 3990-4000, December 2010.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2010.2072933        Google Scholar

33. Musolino, A., R. Rizzo, and E. Tripodi, "Tubular linear induction machine as a fast actuator: Analysis and design criteria," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 132, 603-619, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER12091506        Google Scholar

34. Aloini, D., E. Crisostomi, M. Raugi, and R. Rizzo, "Optimal power scheduling in a virtual power plant," IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition, ISGT, 1-7, 2011.        Google Scholar

35. Tripodi, E., A. Musolino, and R. Rizzo, "The double-sided tubular linear induction motor and its possible use in the electromagnetic aircraft launch system," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 41, No. 5, 1193-1200, May 2013.
doi:10.1109/TPS.2013.2244915        Google Scholar

36. Raugi, M., A. Musolino, R. Rizzo, and E. Tripodi, "Modeling of the gyroscopic stabilization in a traveling-wave multipole field electromagnetic launcher via an analytical approach," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 43, No. 5, 1236-1241, May 2015.
doi:10.1109/TPS.2015.2403774        Google Scholar

37. Derbas, H. W., J. M. Williams, A. C. Koenig, and S. D. Pekarek, "A comparison of nodal- and mesh-based magnetic equivalent circuit models," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 24, No. 2, 388-396, June 2009.
doi:10.1109/TEC.2008.2002037        Google Scholar

38. Tripodi, E., A. Musolino, R. Rizzo, and M. Raugi, "A new predictor-corrector approach for the numerical integration of coupled electromechanical equations," Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., Vol. 105, No. 4, 261-285, 2016.
doi:10.1002/nme.4974        Google Scholar

39. EFFE v2.00 User Manual, Bathwick Electrical Design Ltd., 2009.

40. Barmada, S., M. Raugi, and M. Tucci, "A multi-objective optimization algorithm based on self-organizing maps applied to wireless power transfer systems," Int. J. Numer. Mod.: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields, Vol. 30, No. 3-4, 1-17, 2017.        Google Scholar

41. Bartalesi, E., F. Bucchi, and R. Squarcini, "Vacuum actuation for axial movement of a magnet in a magnetorheological clutch," EPO Patent Pending, 2014.        Google Scholar