volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, the nonlinear single negative metamaterials (NLSNM) based on the microstrip loaded with varactor diodes are investigated. It is found that the NLSNM, including nonlinear epsilon-negative metamaterial (NLENM) and nonlinear mu-negative metamaterial (NLMNM) can be realized by loading varactor diodes and chip inductors onto the microstrip, and their transmission gaps can be controlled conveniently by the signal power. In addition, the nonlinear property of the heterostructure constructed of NLMNM and epsilon-negative metamaterial (ENM) is also studied, and the results show that the transmission property, especially the transmittance of the tunneling peak of the NLMNM-ENM heterostructure can also be regulated by the signal power. The NLSNM may have important potential applications in the microwave switch controlled by the signal power.

1. Alu, A. and N. Engheta, "Pairing an epsilon-negative slab with a mu-negative slab: Resonance, tunneling and transparency," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 51, 2558-2571, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.817553 Google Scholar

2. Fujishige, T., C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, "Experimental demonstration of transparency in the ENG- MNG pair in a CRLH transmission-line implementation," Microw. Opt. Tech. Lett., Vol. 46, 476-481, 2005.
doi:10.1002/mop.21022 Google Scholar

3. Feng, T. H., Y. H. Li, J. Y. Guo, L. He, H. Q. Li, Y. W. Zhang, Y. L. Shi, and H. Chen, "Highly localized mode in a structure made of epsilon-negative and mu-negative metamaterial," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 104, 013107, 2008.
doi:10.1063/1.2949264 Google Scholar

4. Feng, T. H., Y. H. Li, H. T. Jiang, Y. Sun, L. He, H. Q. Li, Y. W. Zhang, Y. L. Shi, and H. Chen, "Electromagnetic tunneling in a sandwich structure containing single negative media," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 79, 026601, 2009.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.79.026601 Google Scholar

5. Guo, Z. W., H. T. Jiang, Y. Long, K. Yu, J. Ren, C. H. Xue, and H. Chen, "Photonic spin Hall effect in waveguides composed of two types of single-negative metamaterials," Scientic Reports, Vol. 7, 7724, 2017.
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07711-w Google Scholar

6. Qiu, Y., L. Peng, X. Jiang, Z. Sun, and S. Tang, "Ultra-small single-negative metamaterial insulator for mutual coupling reduction of high-prole monopole antenna array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 72, 197-205, 2017.
doi:10.2528/PIERC16100803 Google Scholar

7. Chen, Y. H., "Defect modes merging in one-dimensional photonic crystals with multiple single- negative material defects," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, 011925, 2008.
doi:10.1063/1.2832661 Google Scholar

8. Feng, T. H., F. Yang, Y. H. Li, Y. Sun, H. Lu, H. T. Jiang, Y. W. Zhang, and H. Chen, "Light tunneling effect tuned by a meta-interface with electromagnetically-induced-transparency- like properties," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 102, 251908, 2013.
doi:10.1063/1.4810020 Google Scholar

9. Pendry, J. B., A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, and I. Youngs, "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 76, 4773-4776, 1996.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4773 Google Scholar

10. Pendry, J. B., A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 47, No. 11, 2075-2084, 1999.
doi:10.1109/22.798002 Google Scholar

11. Martin, F., J. Bonache, F. Falcone, M. Sorolla, and R. Marques, "Split ring resonator-based left- handed coplanar waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 83, 4652-4654, 2003.
doi:10.1063/1.1631392 Google Scholar

12. Falcone, F., T. Lopetegi, M. A. G. Laso, J. D. Baena, J. Bonache, M. Beruete, R. Marques, F. Martin, and M. Sorolla, "Babinet principle applied to the design of metasurfaces and metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 93, 197401, 2004.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.197401 Google Scholar

13. Xu, H. X., G. M. Wang, M. Q. Qi, and H. Y. Zeng, "Ultra-small single-negative electric metamaterials for electromagnetic coupling reduction of microstrip antenna array," Opt. Express, Vol. 20, No. 20, 21968-21976, 2012.
doi:10.1364/OE.20.021968 Google Scholar

14. Zeng, R., Y. P. Yang, and S. Y. Zhu, "Casimir force between anisotropic single-negative metamaterials," Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 87, 063823, 2013.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.87.063823 Google Scholar

15. Valagiannopoulos, C. A., N. L. Tsitsas, and A. Lakhtakia, "Giant enhancement of the controllable in-plane anisotropy of biased isotropic noncentrosymmetric materials with epsilon-negative multilayers," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 121, 063102, 2017.
doi:10.1063/1.4975482 Google Scholar

16. Fu, X. L., G. C.Wu, W. X. Bai, G. M.Wang, and J. G. Liang, "Electromagnetic coupling reduction in dual-band microstrip antenna array using ultra-compact single-negative electric metamaterials for MIMO application," Chin. Phys. B, Vol. 26, No. 2, 024101, 2017.
doi:10.1088/1674-1056/26/2/024101 Google Scholar

17. Shadrivov, I. V., A. B. Kozyrev, D. W. van der Weide, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Nonlinear magnetic metamaterials," Opt. Express, Vol. 16, No. 25, 20266-20271, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.16.020266 Google Scholar

18. Powell, D. A., I. V. Shadrivov, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Nonlinear electric metamaterials," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 95, 084102, 2009.
doi:10.1063/1.3212726 Google Scholar

19. Wang, Z. Y., Y. Luo, L. Peng, J. T. Huangfu, T. Jiang, D. X. Wang, H. S. Chen, and L. X. Ran, "Second-harmonic generation and spectrum modulation by an active nonlinear metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 94, 134102, 2009.
doi:10.1063/1.3111437 Google Scholar

20. Wang, Z. Y., Y. Luo, T. Jiang, Z. Wang, J. T. Huangfu, and L. X. Ran, "Harmonic image reconstruction assisted by a nonlinear metmaterial surface," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 106, 047402, 2011.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.047402 Google Scholar

21. Wall, W. S., S. M. Rudolph, S. K. Hong, and K. L. Morgan, "Broadband switching nonlinear metamaterial," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 10, 427-430, 2014.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2308989 Google Scholar

22. Barbuto, M., F. Bilotti, and A. Toscano, "Power-selectivity horn ltenna loaded with a nonlinear SRR," 9th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics-Metamaterials, 22-24, Oxford, 2015. Google Scholar

23. Monti, A., M. Barbuto, A. Toscano, and F. Bilotti, "Nonlinear mantle cloaking devices for power- dependent antenna arrays," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 16, 1727-1730, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2670025 Google Scholar

24. Fernandes, D. E. and M. G. Silveirinha, "Bistability in mushroom-type metamaterials," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 122, 014303, 2017.
doi:10.1063/1.4989816 Google Scholar

25. Hooper, D. C., A. G. Mark, C. Kuppe, J. T. Collins, P. Fischer, and V. K. Valev, "Strong rotational anisotropies affect nonlinear chiral metamaterials," Adv. Mater., Vol. 29, 1605110, 2017.
doi:10.1002/adma.201605110 Google Scholar

26. Lv, W., F. Z. Xie, Y. J. Huang, J. Li, X. C. Fang, A. Rashid, W. R. Zhu, I. D. Rukhlenko, and G. J. Wen, "Nonlinear coupling states study of electromagnetic force actuated plasmonic nonlinear metamaterials," Opt. Express, Vol. 26, No. 3, 3211-3220, 2018.
doi:10.1364/OE.26.003211 Google Scholar

27. Garbic, A. and G. V. Eleftheriades, "Experimental verication of backward-wave radiation from a negative refractive index metamaterial," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 92, 5930-5935, 2002.
doi:10.1063/1.1513194 Google Scholar

Dr. Tuanhui Feng

Dr. Hongpei Han

Dr. Limin Wang