volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A Koch Snowflake fractal structure embedded octagonal patch antenna with hexagonal split ring for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) and 5G applications is proposed. In this proposed design, Koch Snowflake pattern is chosen for embedding into the octagon-shaped patch antenna, which tentatively develops a miniaturized cross-sectional area in the radiator and introduces wide resonance with enhanced gain. A hexagonal split ring is introduced into patch to handle negative refraction in the radiations and to initiates self-inductance and capacitance which manages the impedance matching. Here, a co-planar waveguide (CPW) is employed for transferring electric field into patch and a lumped port is used to induct field between patch and ground. The two slots S1 and S2 made on ground are supportive in obtaining wider resonance. The Substrate used in the proposed design is Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4), which is utilized in various electronic modules. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of FR-4 substrate are ε_r = 4.4 and δ = 0.02 respectively. The complete dimensions of the proposed model are 25 x 30 x 1.6 mm³. The simulated antenna is designed using Ansys High Frequency Electromagnetic Simulation Software 17.2 (HFSS 17.2). The simulated design features a Peak Gain of 6.3 dBi and Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of 168% (Frequency ranges from 2.6 GHz to 28.9 GHz) with Bandwidth ratio of 11.1:1. Also, the designed antenna is fabricated using Milling method and the fabricated prototype offers Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of 168% (Frequency ranges from 2.4 GHz to 28.5 GHz) and gain of 6.27 dB which are tested and measured using Microwave analyzer and anechoic chamber. Thus, the proposed antenna covers the resonance which includes S-band, C-band, X-band, Ku-band and K-band. Also, it completely wraps the UWB spectrum range (3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz), 5G (Sub-6 GHz band) Frequency Range 1 (FR 1) spectrum, and most deployed 5G mm-wave Frequency Range 2 (FR2) spectrum (24.25 GHz to 29.5 GHz).

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Mr. Ezhumalai Aravindraj

Dr. Ganesan Nagarajan

Dr. Palaniappan Ramanathan