volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In the current system of wireless communication, Users expect devices that are lightweight and offer broad bandwidth as well as a high data transmission rate. Developments in data speeds, bandwidth, ultra-low response times, excellent dependability, considerable accessibility and improved device-to-device connectivity are what have driven wireless systems toward 5G. These 5G wireless systems require small and efficient antenna designs. This work proposes a 5G mm-wave quadrilateral slotted defected ground structure (QSDGS) including a wideband monopole antenna (WMA) for n259 and n260 5G mm-wave bands. Here, the DGS was modelled using two quadrilateral slots on a ground plane. An inset feeding technique and multiple slots were employed to patch. This structure consists of a DGS-loaded slotted antenna patch mounted on a Rogers/RT Duriod 5880 (ε_r = 2.2, loss tangent = 0.0009) with dimensions of 12x11x0.9 mm³ (1.42λ_gx1.30λ_gx0.10λ_g). This embedded antenna radiating structure resonates from 35.5 GHz to 44.7 GHz, giving an impedance bandwidth of 9.2 GHz (24.2%), with a centre frequency of 38 GHz. 9.48 dB was the peak gain, and 83-94% efficiency was obtained over the wide band. Based on the extracted data from the proposed antenna, it was found that the antenna is capable of covering the 5G NR n259 and n260 with significant gain, bandwidth, and efficiency. Thus, the antenna has the ability to be considered a possible contender to be used in 5G wireless applications using mm-wave frequencies. A good agreement can be seen here between simulated and measured return losses.

1. Andrews, J. G., S. Buzzi, W. Choi, et al. "What will 5G be?," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 32, No. 6, 1065-1082, 2014, doi: 10.1109/jsac.2014.2328098.
doi:10.1109/JSAC.2014.2328098 Google Scholar

2. Rappaport, T. S., S. Sun, R. Mayzus, et al. "Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!," IEEE Access, Vol. 1, 335-349, 2013, doi: 10.1109/access.2013.2260813.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813 Google Scholar

3. Cao, Y., K.-S. Chin, W. Che, W. Yang, and E. S. Li, "A compact 38 GHz multibeam antenna array with multifolded Butler matrix for 5G applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2996-2999, 2017, doi: 10.1109/lawp.2017.2757045.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2757045 Google Scholar

4. Agyapong, P., M. Iwamura, D. Staehle, W. Kiess, and A. Benjebbour, "Design considerations for a 5G network architecture," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 11, 65-75, 2014, doi: 10.1109/mcom.2014.6957145.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2014.6957145 Google Scholar

5. Fettweis, G. and S. Alamouti, "5G: Personal mobile internet beyond what cellular did to telephony," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 2, 140-145, 2014, doi: 10.1109/mcom.2014.6736754.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736754 Google Scholar

6. Al-Gburi, A. J., Z. Zakaria, H. Alsariera, et al. "Broadband circular polarised printed antennas for indoor wireless communication systems: A comprehensive review," Micromachines, Vol. 13, No. 7, 1048, 2022, doi: 10.3390/mi13071048.
doi:10.3390/mi13071048 Google Scholar

7. Yin, J., Q. Wu, C. Yu, H. Wang, and W. Hong, "Broadband endfiremagnetoelectric dipole antenna array using SICL feeding network for 5G millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 7, 4895-4900, 2019, doi: 10.1109/tap.2019.2916463.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2916463 Google Scholar

8. Shayea, I., T. Abd Rahman, M. Hadri Azmi, and M. R. Islam, "Real measurement study for rain rate and rain attenuation conducted over 26 GHz microwave 5G link system in Malaysia," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 19044-19064, 2018, doi: 10.1109/access.2018.2810855.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2810855 Google Scholar

9. Zahra, H., W. A. Awan, W. A. E. Ali, N. Hussain, S. M. Abbas, and S. Mukhopadhyay, "A 28 GHz broadband helical inspired end-fire antenna and its MIMO configuration for 5G pattern diversity applications," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 4, 405, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/electronics10040405.
doi:10.3390/electronics10040405 Google Scholar

10. Sethi, W. T., M. A. Ashraf, A. Ragheb, A. Alasaad, and S. A. Alshebeili, "Demonstration of millimeter wave 5G setup employing high-gain Vivaldi array," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2018, 1-12, 2018, doi: 10.1155/2018/3927153.
doi:10.1155/2018/3927153 Google Scholar

11. Jilani, S. F. and A. Alomainy, "A multiband millimeter-wave 2-D array based on enhanced Franklin antenna for 5G wireless systems," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2983-2986, 2017, doi: 10.1109/lawp.2017.2756560.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2756560 Google Scholar

12. Ali, M. M. and A.-R. Sebak, "Dual band (28/38 GHz) CPW slot directive antenna for future 5G cellular applications," 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2016, doi: 10.1109/aps.2016.7695908. Google Scholar

13. Przesmycki, R., M. Bugaj, and L. Nowosielski, "Broadband microstrip antenna for 5G wireless systems operating at 28 GHz," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics10010001.
doi:10.3390/electronics10010001 Google Scholar

14. Hussain, M., S. M. R. Jarchavi, S. I. Naqvi, et al. "Design and fabrication of a printed tri-band antenna for 5G applications operating across Ka- and V-band spectrums," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 21, 2674, 2021, doi: 10.3390/electronics10212674.
doi:10.3390/electronics10212674 Google Scholar

15. Khalid, M., S. I. Naqvi, N. Hussain, M. U. Rahman, and Y. Amin, "4-port MIMO antenna with defected ground structure for 5G millimeter wave applications," Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 1, 71, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9010071.
doi:10.3390/electronics9010071 Google Scholar

16. Khandelwal, M. K., B. K. Kanaujia, and S. Kumar, "Defected ground structure: Fundamentals, analysis, and applications in modern wireless trends," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2017, 1-23, 2017, doi: org/10.1155/2017/2018527.
doi:10.1155/2017/2018527 Google Scholar

17. Shaik, I. and S. K. Veni, "A novel quadrangular slotted DGS with a wideband monopole radiator for fth-generation sub-6 GHz mid-band applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 133, 109-120, 2023.
doi:10.2528/PIERC23020901 Google Scholar

18. Hasan, Md. N., S. Bashir, and S. Chu, "Dual band omnidirectional millimeter wave antenna for 5G communications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 33, No. 12, 1581-1590, 2019, doi: 10.1080/09205071.2019.1617790.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2019.1617790 Google Scholar

19. Khattak, M. I., A. Sohail, U. Khan, Z. Barki, and G. Witjaksono, "Elliptical slot circular patch antenna array with dual band behaviour for future 5G mobile communication networks," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 89, 133-147, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC18101401 Google Scholar

20. Dadgarpour, A., M. S. Sorkherizi, and A. Kishk, "A wideband low loss magneto electric dipole antenna for 5G wireless network with gain enhancement using meta lens and gap waveguide technology feeding," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 12, 5094-5101, 2016, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2620522.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2620522 Google Scholar

21. Al Abbas, E., M. Ikram, and A. T. Mobashsher, "MIMO antenna system for multi-band millimeter-wave 5G and wideband 4G mobile communications," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 181916-181923, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2958897.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2958897 Google Scholar

22. Sehrai, D. A., M. Abdullah, A. Altaf, S. H. Kiani, F. Muhammad, M. Tufail, M. Irfan, A. Glowacz, and S. Rahman, "A novel high gain wideband MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter wave applications,", Vol. 9, 1031, 2020, doi: 10.3390/electronics9061031. Google Scholar

23. Marzouk, H. M., M. I. Ahmed, and A. H. A. Shaalan, "Novel dual-band 28/38 GHz MIMO antennas for 5G mobile applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 93, 103-117, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC19032303 Google Scholar

24. Ali, W., S. Das, H. Medkour, and S. Lakrit, "Planar dual-band 27/39 GHz millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for 5G applications," Microsyst. Technol., Vol. 27, No. 1, 283-292, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s00542-020-04951-1.
doi:10.1007/s00542-020-04951-1 Google Scholar

25. Raheel, K., A. Altaf, A. Waheed, S. H. Kiani, D. A. Sehrai, F. Tubbal, and R. Raad, "E-shaped H-slotted dual bandmm wave antenna for 5G technology," Electronics, Vol. 10, 1019, 2021, doi: 10.3390/electronics10091019.
doi:10.3390/electronics10091019 Google Scholar

26. Venkateswara Rao, M., B. T. Madhav, J. Krishna, Y. Usha Devi, T. Anilkumar, and B. Prudhvi Nadh, "CSRR-loaded T-shaped MIMO antenna for 5G cellular networks and vehicular communications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 8, e21799, 2020, doi: 10.1002/mmce.21799. Google Scholar

27. Hussain, N., M. J. Jeong, A. Abbas, and N. Kim, "Metasurface-based single-layer wideband circularly polarized MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter-wave systems," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 130293-130304, 2020, doi: 10.1109/access.2020.3009380.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3009380 Google Scholar

28. Li, S., T. Chi, and Y. Wang, "A millimeter-wave dual-feed square loop antenna for 5G communications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 12, 6317-6328, 2017, doi: 10.1109/tap.2017.2723920.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2723920 Google Scholar

29. Sharaf, M. H., A. I. Zaki, R. K. Hamad, and M. M. M. Omar, "A novel dual-band (38/60 GHz) patch antenna for 5G mobile handsets," Sensors, Vol. 20, No. 9, 2541, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.3390/s20092541.
doi:10.3390/s20092541 Google Scholar

30. Shamim, S. M., U. S. Dina, N. Aran, and S. Sultana, "Design of efficient 37 GHz millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for 5G mobile application," Plasmonics, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1417-1425, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11468-021-01412-x.
doi:10.1007/s11468-021-01412-x Google Scholar

Dr. Idrish Shaik

Prof. Sahukara Krishna Veni