volume | PIER Journals

2024-09-23

Obtaining Low Sidelobe Level and Reduced Complexity in Linear and Planar Antenna Arrays Using Thinned Subarrays

Ahmed Jameel Abdulqader,

Dr. Ahmed Jameel Abdulqader

Systems and Control Engineering Department, College of Electronics Engineering

Ninevah University

Iraq

Homepage

Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed,

Prof. Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed

College of Electronics Engineering

Ninevah University

Iraq

Homepage

Yessar Ezzaldeen Mohammed Ali

Dr. Yessar Ezzaldeen Mohammed Ali

Department of Computer and Communications Engineering, College of Engineering

Nawroz University

Iraq

Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 147, 167-173, 2024

doi:10.2528/PIERC24040703

Abstract

Conventionally, the thinning process in antenna arrays was performed at the element level with random selection after examining all the possible combinations. Thus, the computational time of such thinned methods was relatively high. Reducing the undesirable high computational time is of great interest. In this paper, the thinning process is performed at subarray level rather than element level, thus, the computational time and array complexity were significantly reduced while minimizing the peak side lobe level (PSLL). The optimization process consists of two steps where in the first step the array elements are portioned into a number of nonuniform ascending subarrays, while in the second step some of the least significant subarrays were turned off. Moreover, two schemes were used to portion the array elements. The first one is based on portioning all the array elements into ascending subarrays. This is known as fully nonuniform ascending subarray configuration since the entire array elements were portioned into smaller unequal groups. The second one is based on portioning only part of the elements located at the sides of the array, while leaving the central elements individually without any partition. This is known as partially nonuniform ascending subarray configuration. The genetic optimization algorithm is used to find out optimally which subarrays need to be thinned (or turned off) by setting their excitation amplitudes to zero. The simulation results for a total of 100 elements linear array illustrate that the PSLL, in the full subarray configuration, can be minimized to more than -33 dB by thinning 5 subarrays and the complexity reduction percentage was 72% before thinning and it becomes 82% after thinning. On the other hand, the PSLL in the partial subarray configuration was reduced down to more than -30 dB by thinning 4 subarrays at each side of the array. In this case. The complexity reduction percentage was 52% before thinning, and it becomes 60% after thinning. The number of individual central-elements on both sides of the array was 26, and the number of subarrays on both sides of the array was 22. Furthermore, the idea of the thinned subarrays was successfully extended and applied to the two-dimensional planar arrays of 100 × 100 elements.

Download Full Article (198) View Full Article volume

Citation

Copy Export

Ahmed Jameel Abdulqader, Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed, and Yessar Ezzaldeen Mohammed Ali, "Obtaining Low Sidelobe Level and Reduced Complexity in Linear and Planar Antenna Arrays Using Thinned Subarrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 147, 167-173, 2024.
doi:10.2528/PIERC24040703

References

1. Jiang, Hailing, Yu Gong, Junyi Zhang, and Shubo Dun, "Irregular modular subarrayed phased array tiling by algorithm X and differential evolution algorithm," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 7, 1532-1536, Jul. 2023.

2. Mohammed, Jafar Ramadhan, "A novel linear and planar multiband fractal-shaped antenna arrays with low sidelobes," International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 37, No. 8, e5736, 2024.

3. Haupt, Randy L., "Optimized weighting of uniform subarrays of unequal sizes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 4, 1207-1210, Apr. 2007.

4. Mohammed, Jafar Ramadhan, "Minimizing grating lobes in large arrays using clustered amplitude tapers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 120, 93-103, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERC22031706

5. Mohammed, Jafar Ramadhan, "Unconventional method for antenna array synthesizing based on ascending clustered rings," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 117, 69-73, 2024.
doi:10.2528/PIERL23122201

6. Abdulqader, Ahmed Jameel, Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed, and Raad H. Thaher, "Antenna pattern optimization via clustered arrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 95, 177-187, 2020.

7. Brockett, Timothy J. and Yahya Rahmat-Samii, "Subarray design diagnostics for the suppression of undesirable grating lobes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 3, 1373-1380, 2012.

8. Abdulqader, Ahmed Jameel, Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed, and Yaser Ahmed Ali, "A T-shaped polyomino subarray design method for controlling sidelobe level," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 126, 243-251, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERC22080803

9. El-Khamy, Said E., Huda F. El-Sayed, and Ahmed S. Eltrass, "New wideband antenna arrays with low sidelobe based on space filling curves," 2023 International Microwave and Antenna Symposium (IMAS), 56-61, Cairo, Egypt, 2023.

10. Abdulqader, Ahmed Jameel, Jafar Ramadhan Mohammed, and Raad H. Thaher, "Phase-only nulling with limited number of controllable elements," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 99, 167-178, 2020.

11. Anselmi, Nicola, Luca Tosi, Paolo Rocca, and Andrea Massa, "On the design of next generation phased array antennas - Methods, architectures, and trends," 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1-4, Florence, Italy, 2023.

12. Rocca, Paolo, Nicola Anselmi, Giacomo Oliveri, Lorenzo Poli, Alex C. Stutts, and Danilo Erricolo, "Design of modular radar array antenna for two-way pattern sidelobe optimization," 2022 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf22), 1-4, New York City, NY, USA, 2022.

13. Mohammed, Jafar Ramadhan, "Thinning a subset of selected elements for null steering using binary genetic algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 67, 147-155, 2018.

14. Mohammed, Jafar R., "A method for thinning useless elements in the planar antenna arrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 97, 105-113, 2021.

15. Zhang, Qian He, Qing He Zhang, and Zhao Yang Shen, "Planar array subarray division method in microwave wireless power transmission based on PSO&K-means algorithm," IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 4, 520-527, 2023.

16. Abdelhay, Magdy A., Noha O. Korany, and Said E. El-Khamy, "Synthesis of uniformly weighted sparse concentric ring arrays based on off-grid compressive sensing framework," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 4, 448-452, 2021.

17. Mohammed, Jafar Ramadhan, Raad Hamdan Thaher, and Ahmed Jameel Abdulqader, "Linear and planar array pattern nulling via compressed sensing," Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, Vol. 3, 50-55, Sep. 2021.
doi:10.26636/jtit.2021.152921

18. Morabito, Andrea Francesco, "Synthesis of maximum-efficiency beam arrays via convex programming and compressive sensing," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2404-2407, 2017.

19. Mohammed, Jafar Ramadhan, "Synthesizing non-uniformly excited antenna arrays using tiled subarray blocks," Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, Vol. 4, 25-29, Oct. 2023.
doi:10.26636/jtit.2023.4.1417