2019-10-22
Ship Target Tracking Using Underwater Electric Field
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 86, 49-57, 2019
Abstract
Underwater electric field is an important source of exposure for warship targets, so we try to track the ship's movement by measuring its underwater electric field in this paper. Considering the nonlinear distribution characteristics of underwater electric field, the unscented particle filter method is applied for tracking. First, the equivalent electric field model based on point-electrodes methods is studied. Second, the equivalent electric field model of a scaled ship is used as the electric field source, and the source's movement is tracked by measuring the three components of the underwater electric field induced by the source. To meet the requirements of mine applications,only one measuring node is used in the tracking process. Thenumerical simulation result shows that the target can be tracked stably within 200 meters of the measuring node. Finally, a sea trail experiment is carried out to examine the effectiveness of this method. In this experiment, the electric field source is composed by two graphite electrodes, and only the horizontal components of underwater electric field are measured. The results show that the tracking performance is good within 150 m of the measuring node.
Citation
Peng Yu, Jinfang Cheng, and Jiawei Zhang, "Ship Target Tracking Using Underwater Electric Field," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 86, 49-57, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERM19052001
References

1. Lin, C. and S. Gong, Physical Field of Warships, 2nd Edition, 233–248, Weapon Industry Press, Beijing, 2007.

2. Marius, B., "Measurement of the extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field emission from a ship," Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 22, No. 8, 085709, 2011.
doi:10.1088/0957-0233/22/8/085709        Google Scholar

3. Lennartsson, R. K., E. Dalberg, T. Fristedt, et al. "Electric detection of divers in harbor environments," Oceans, 1-8, IEEE, 2009.        Google Scholar

4. Li, S., C. Zhang, and J. Luan, "Detection of line spectrum of fundamental frequency on shaft-rate electric field of a ship," ACTA Armamentarii, Vol. 30, No. 12, 1738-1742, 2009.        Google Scholar

5. Jiang, R. and S. Gong, "Vessel’s shaft-related electric field signal detection based on the AR model parameter," Journal of Harbin Engineering University, Vol. 34, No. 8, 952-956, 2013.        Google Scholar

6. Bao, Z., S. Gong, J. Sun, et al. "Localization of a horizontal electric dipole source embedded in deep sea by using two vector-sensors," Journal of Naval University of Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 3, 53-57, 2011.        Google Scholar

7. Bao, Z., S. Gong, and K. Ma, "Underwater moving target detection and parameter estimation of the array electric field sensor," Journal of Naval University Of Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 5, 530-534, 2012.        Google Scholar

8. Sun, B.-Q., B. Yan, and R.-X. Jiang, "Application of ship static electric field in ship tracking and positioning," Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems, Vol. 1, 57-62, 2018.        Google Scholar

9. Van Der Merwe, R., A. Doucet, N. De Freitas, et al. "The unscented particle filter," International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2000.        Google Scholar

10. Wan, E. A. and V. D. M. Rudolph, "The Unscented Kalman Filter," Kalman Filtering and Neural Networks, 2002.        Google Scholar

11. Wu, M., Cathodic Protection and Anodic Protection, China Petrochemical Press, Beijing, 2007.

12. Liu, Z. and S. Gong, "Point-electric model of electric field of steady current in sea," Journal of Naval University of Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 1, 35-39, 2004.        Google Scholar

13. Liu, Z. and W. Wen, Anti-mine Physical Field Countermeasures Technology, 154-187, Weapon Industry Press, Beijing, 2015.

14. Jiang, R., C. Lin, and S. Gong, "Electrostatic electric field inversion method for ship based on point charge source model," Acta Armamentarii, Vol. 36, No. 3, 545-551, 2015.        Google Scholar

15. Yu, P., J.-F. Cheng, and R.-X. Jiang, "Inversion of UEP signatures induced by ships based on PSO method," Defence Technology, 2019.        Google Scholar

16. Smith, A., Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.

17. Cui, Y. and R. Kavasseri, "Particle filter for dynamic state estimation in multi-machine systems with detailed models," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 30, No. 6, 1-9, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2387792        Google Scholar

18. Xie, C., Y. Fei, C. Zeng, et al. "State-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion battery using unscented particle filter in vehicle," Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 33, No. 17, 3958-3964, 2018.        Google Scholar

19. Wang, Y. and K. J. Karis Allen, "Comparison of impressed current cathodic protection numerical modeling results with physical scale modeling data," Corrosion, Vol. 66, No. 10, 105001, 2010.
doi:10.5006/1.3500829        Google Scholar

20. Zhou, Y., P. C. Yip, and H. Leung, "Tracking the direction of arrival of multiple moving targets by passive arrays: Algorithm," IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 47, No. 10, 2655-2666, 1999.
doi:10.1109/78.790648        Google Scholar

21. Yu, P., J. Cheng, and R. Jiang, "Research of ship’s stealth methods in static electric field," Advances in Engineering Research, Tianjin, 2017.        Google Scholar

22. Birsan, M., "Unscented particle filter for tracking a magnetic dipole target," Proceedings of IEEE MTS, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2005.        Google Scholar