volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents a new process for additive manufacturing of purely metallic antennas based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), with a filament composed by a mix between rounded shape copper powders with particle size in the range from 20 to 80 μm embedded in a polymeric matrix, to accomplish the desired antenna shape, followed by a post-processing involving de-binding to remove the base polymer and a further sintering process for obtaining a purely metallic component. This new process is validated by means of a prototype antenna consisting on a modified tri-band cactus monopole that is manufactured and measured demonstrating results in accordance with standard and alternative additive manufacturing techniques reported in literature.

1. Gibson, I., D. W. Rosen, and B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2015.
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3

2. Gao, W., Y. Zhang, D. Ramanujan, K. Ramani, Y. Chen, C. B. Williams, C. C. Wang, Y. C. Shin, S. Zhang, and P. D. Zavattieri, "The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering," Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 69, 65-89, 2015, [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448515000469.
doi:10.1016/j.cad.2015.04.001 Google Scholar

3. Attaran, M., "The rise of 3-D printing: The advantages of additive manufacturing over traditional manufacturing," Business Horizons, Vol. 60, No. 5, 677-688, 2017, [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681317300897.
doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2017.05.011 Google Scholar

4. Tofail, S. A., E. P. Koumoulos, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bose, L. O'Donoghue, and C. Charitidis, "Additive manufacturing: Scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities," Materials Today, Vol. 21, No. 1, 22-37, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702117301773.
doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2017.07.001 Google Scholar

5. DebRoy, T., H. Wei, J. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J. Elmer, J. Milewski, A. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, and W. Zhang, "Additive manufacturing of metallic components --- Process, structure and properties," Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 92, 112-224, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079642517301172.
doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001 Google Scholar

6. Frazier, W. E., "Metal additive manufacturing: A review," Journal of Materials En- gineering and Performance, Vol. 23, No. 6, 1917-1928, Jun. 2014, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z.
doi:10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z Google Scholar

7. Herzog, D., V. Seyda, E. Wycisk, and C. Emmelmann, "Additive manufacturing of metals," Acta Materialia, Vol. 117, 371-392, 2016, [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645416305158.
doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019 Google Scholar

8. Ramirez Arroyave, G. A. and J. L. Araque Quijano, "Evaluation of additive manufacturing processes for 3-D multiband antennas," 2018 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), 589-592, Sept. 2018.
doi:10.1109/ICEAA.2018.8520514 Google Scholar

9. Ramírez Arroyave, G. A. and J. L. Araque Quijano, "Optimization and additive manufacture of a miniature 3-D pixel antenna for dual-band operation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 85, 163-180, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERB19071809 Google Scholar

10. Huang, Y., X. Gong, S. Hajela, and W. J. Chappell, "Layer-by-layer stereolithography of three-dimensional antennas," 2005 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 1A, 276-279, Jul. 2005. Google Scholar

11. Maas, J., B. Liu, S. Hajela, Y. Huang, X. Gong, and W. J. Chappell, "Laser-based layer-by-layer polymer stereolithography for high-frequency applications," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 105, No. 4, 645-654, Apr. 2017.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2016.2629179 Google Scholar

12. Adams, J. J., E. B. Duoss, T. F. Malkowski, M. J. Motala, B. Y. Ahn, R. G. Nuzzo, J. T. Bernhard, and J. A. Lewis, "Conformal printing of electrically small antennas on three-dimensional surfaces," Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, No. 11, 1335-1340, 2011, [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201003734.
doi:10.1002/adma.201003734 Google Scholar

13. Menéndez, L. G., O. S. Kim, F. Persson, M. Nielsen, and O. Breinbjerg, "3D printed 20/30- GHz dual-band offset stepped-reflector antenna," 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1-2, Apr. 2015. Google Scholar

14. Ghazali, M. I. M., E. Gutierrez, J. C. Myers, A. Kaur, B. Wright, and P. Chahal, "Affordable 3D printed microwave antennas," 2015 IEEE 65th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), 240-246, May 2015.
doi:10.1109/ECTC.2015.7159599 Google Scholar

15. Gjokaj, V., P. Chahal, J. Papapolymerou, and J. D. Albrecht, "A novel 3D printed Vivaldi antenna utilizing a substrate integrated waveguide transition," 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 1253-1254, Jul. 2017. Google Scholar

16. Van der Vorst, M. and J. Gumpinger, "Applicability of 3D printing techniques for compact Ku-band medium/high-gain antennas," 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1-4, Apr. 2016. Google Scholar

17. O. Tech. "Metal 3D printed custom antennas,", 2018, [Online]. Available: https://www.optisys.tech/. Google Scholar

18. Foged, L. J., A. Giacomini, R. Morbidini, F. Saccardi, V. Schirosi, M. Boumans, B. Gerg, and D. Melachrinos, "Investigation of additive manufacturing for broadband choked horns at X/Ku band," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 11, 2003-2007, Nov. 2018.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2018.2868611 Google Scholar

19. SENER "Sener aeroespacial and catec develop a 3D-printed metal antenna for the European Space Agency's Proba-3 space mission,", 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.group.sener/press-releases/sener-aeroespacial-and-catec-develop-a-3d-printed-metal-antenna-for-the-european-space-agencys-proba-3-space-mission/. Google Scholar

20. Helena, D., A. Ramos, T. Varum, and J. N. Matos, "Antenna design using modern additive manufacturing technology: A review," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 177 064-177 083, 2020.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3027383 Google Scholar

21. Ramírez Arroyave, G. A., "Design of a multiport frequency reconfigurable antenna suitable for IMT-advanced communications systems,", Ph.D. dissertation, National University of Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78517. Google Scholar

22. Pan, C., C. Huang, and T. Horng, "A new printed G-shaped monopole antenna for dual-band WLAN applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 45, No. 4, 295-297, 2005, [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mop.20800.
doi:10.1002/mop.20800 Google Scholar

23. Zachou, V., C. G. Christodoulou, M. T. Chryssomallis, D. Anagnostou, and S. Barbin, "Planar monopole antenna with attached sleeves," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, 286-289, 2006.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2006.876970 Google Scholar

24. Mishra, S. K., R. K. Gupta, A. Vaidya, and J. Mukherjee, "A compact dual-band fork-shaped monopole antenna for bluetooth and UWB applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 627-630, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2159572 Google Scholar

25. Garzón Cuervo, D. F., L. López Kleine, and L. K. Herrera Quintero, "Ingeniería de fabricación rápida en la industria 4.0: Estudio de propiedades mecánicas y eléctricas de piezas metálicas fabricadas mediante manufactura aditiva,", Tech. Rep., Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2020. Google Scholar

Dr. Germán Augusto Ramírez Arroyave

Dr. David Leonardo Galindo Huertas

Dr. Daniel Felipe Garzón Cuervo

Dr. Manuel Ricardo Pérez Cerquera

Dr. Liz Karen Herrera Quintero

Dr. Javier Leonardo Araque Quijano