volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Two compact substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filters with hybrid coupling of eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) resonators and microstrip are proposed in this paper. Hybrid coupled filters were achieved by etching two half-wavelength microstrip resonators (BPF I) or two quarter-wavelength microstrip resonators (BPF II) on top of traditional second-order EMSIW filters. The topology of the two filters was analyzed. Due to the cross coupling between resonator 1 and resonator 4, two transmission zeros were achieved outside the band of BPF I, which increased the selectivity of the filter. Due to the mixed electromagnetic coupling between resonator 2 and resonator 3, a transmission zero is realized in the stopband of BPF II. To confirm the validity of the two filter models, two filters were designed, produced and measured. Based on the findings of the measurements, the central frequency of BPF I is recorded at 7.7 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 18.2%. The insertion loss (IL) within the passband is minimal at 0.8 dB, and the size of the filter is only 8 mm * 4 mm (0.53λ_g * 0.26λ_g). The filter exhibits enhanced out-of-band suppression due to the presence of two transmission zeros located at frequencies of 6.4GHz and 10GHz. The center frequency of BPF II is 19.5 GHz; the FBW is 20.5%; the IL within the passband is only 0.49 dB; and the size of the filter is only 2 mm * 2 mm (0.34λ_g * 0.34λ_g). As a result of the mixed electromagnetic coupling effects, a transmission zero occurs at a frequency of 26.7 GHz. The simulation outcomes are consistent with the experimental findings. Compared with other reported SIW filters, the two filters introduced in this study exhibit favorable characteristics such as reduced insertion loss and compact dimensions.

1. Li, Daotong, Wei Luo, Xiaoquan Chen, Jiaxin Wang, Chen Yang, Kai-Da Xu, and Qiang Chen, "SIW cavity mode analysis and control techniques for compact wide-stopband filters design," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 71, No. 7, 3338-3342, 2024.

2. Pradhan, Nrusingha Charan, Slawomir Koziel, Rusan Kumar Barik, Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska, and Sholampettai Subramanian Karthikeyan, "Miniaturized dual-band SIW-based bandpass filters using open-loop ring resonators," Electronics, Vol. 12, No. 18, 3974, 2023.

3. Brown, Matthew D. and Carlos E. Saavedra, "Highly selective and compact filtering antennas using dual-mode SIW resonators," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 5, 3928-3937, 2023.

4. Lau, John H., "Recent advances and trends in multiple system and heterogeneous integration with TSV interposers," IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 13, No. 1, 3-25, 2023.

5. Sadhu, Bodhisatwa, Arun Paidimarri, Duixian Liu, Mark Yeck, Caglar Ozdag, Yujiro Tojo, Wooram Lee, Kevin Xiaoxiong Gu, Jean-Olivier Plouchart, Christian W. Baks, et al. "A 24-30-GHz 256-element dual-polarized 5G phased array using fast on-chip beam calculators and magnetoelectric dipole antennas," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 57, No. 12, 3599-3616, 2022.

6. Guan, Xueyuan, Xiangjun Zhang, Shang Yin, and Yushun Liu, "Compact LTCC bandpass SIW filter with high selectivity for 5G exploiting mixed coupling," Electromagnetics, Vol. 41, No. 5, 344-350, 2021.

7. Huang, Liwen, Hao Cha, and Shufeng Zhang, "Compact wideband-folded ridge substrate-integrated waveguide filter," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 30, No. 3, 241-244, 2020.

8. Yuan, Yang, Liang Zhou, Lixue Yang, and Yu Chen, "Design of a quadruple-mode filter using folded quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide," 2020 German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), 224-227, Cottbus, Germany, Mar. 2020.

9. Cao, Run, Jing-Ya Deng, Rui-Min Shang, Wei Lin, and Zhijiao Chen, "Miniaturized dual-band ridged substrate integrated waveguide cavity resonator and band-pass filters," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 12, e23541, 2022.

10. Zhao, Lei, Yuan Li, Zhao-Min Chen, Xin-Hua Liang, Jun Wang, Xiaopeng Shen, and Qingfeng Zhang, "A band-pass filter based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and spoof surface plasmon polaritons," Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, No. 1, 13429, 2019.

11. Fan, Chenhui, Xiaoxian Liu, Zhangming Zhu, Yang Liu, and Yintang Yang, "A compact quarter-mode (QM) and eighth-mode (EM) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filter," 2022 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP), 1-3, Guangzhou, China, Nov. 2022.

12. Liu, Pengzhan, Zhongmao Li, Mengjie Qin, Junjian Yin, and Xin Qiu, "Two compact bandpass filters with controllable band based on eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 71, No. 2, 932-936, 2023.

13. Shi, Zhiwei, Guohui Li, Yulu Song, and Binbin Cheng, "Compact quarter mode and eighth mode substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filters with frequency-dependent coupling," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 97, 51-59, 2021.
doi:10.2528/PIERL21012201

14. Liu, Liguo and Liwen Huang, "Compact eighth-mode ridged substrate integrated waveguide filter," Electronics Letters, Vol. 57, No. 25, 983-985, 2021.

15. Gu, Lin and Yuandan Dong, "Compact half-mode SIW filter with high selectivity and improved stopband performance," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 32, No. 9, 1039-1042, 2022.

16. Delmonte, Nicolò, Maurizio Bozzi, Luca Perregrini, and Cristiano Tomassoni, "Cavity resonator filters in shielded quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide technology," 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP), 1-3, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Jul. 2018.

17. Huang, Xiaolong, "Design of miniaturized SIW filter loaded with improved CSRR structures," Electronics, Vol. 12, No. 18, 3789, 2023.

18. Huang, Lei and Naichang Yuan, "A compact wideband SIW bandpass filter with wide stopband and high selectivity," Electronics, Vol. 8, No. 4, 440, 2019.

19. Niembro-Martín, Alejandro, Victoria Nasserddine, Emmanuel Pistono, Hamza Issa, Anne-Laure Franc, Tan-Phu Vuong, and Philippe Ferrari, "Slow-wave substrate integrated waveguide," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 62, No. 8, 1625-1633, 2014.

20. Nasser, Mohammed, Ali Recai Celik, and Selcuk Helhel, "SIW-DGS bandpass filter design for C band satellite communications," Sādhanā, Vol. 48, No. 2, 55, 2023.

21. Namanathan, Praveena and Gunavathi Nagarajan, "Realization of dual-mode, high-selectivity SIW cavity bandpass filter by perturbing circular shape vias," Applied Physics A, Vol. 128, No. 9, 773, 2022.

22. Huang, Xiaolong, Xiuyin Zhang, Liang Zhou, Jin-Xu Xu, and Jun-Fa Mao, "Low-loss self-packaged Ka-band LTCC filter using artificial multimode SIW resonator," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 70, No. 2, 451-455, 2022.

23. Zhu, Fang, Yunfei Wu, Peng Chu, Guo Qing Luo, and Ke Wu, "Compact dual-band filtering baluns using perturbed substrate integrated waveguide circular cavities," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters, Vol. 33, No. 6, 663-666, 2023.

24. Yang, Xian-Long, Xiao-Wei Zhu, and Xiang Wang, "Dual-band substrate integrated waveguide filters based on multi-mode resonator overlapping mode control," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 70, No. 6, 1971-1975, 2023.

25. Zhu, Yilong and Yuandan Dong, "A compact dual-band quasi-elliptic filter based on hybrid SIW and microstrip technologies," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 69, No. 3, 719-723, 2021.

26. Zheng, Yan, Yilong Zhu, Zhan Wang, and Yuandan Dong, "Compact, wide stopband, shielded hybrid filter based on quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and microstrip line resonators," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 31, No. 3, 245-248, 2021.

27. Lin, Gu and Yuandan Dong, "A compact, hybrid SIW filter with controllable transmission zeros and high selectivity," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 69, No. 4, 2051-2055, 2022.

28. Jiao, Meng Ru, Fang Zhu, Peng Chu, Weiliang Yu, and Guo Qing Luo, "Compact hybrid bandpass filters using substrate-integrated waveguide and stripline resonators," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 72, No. 1, 391-400, 2023.

29. Wang, Xiang, Xiao-Wei Zhu, Zhi Hao Jiang, Zhang-Cheng Hao, Yi-Wen Wu, and Wei Hong, "Analysis of eighth-mode substrate-integrated waveguide cavity and flexible filter design," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 67, No. 7, 2701-2712, 2019.

30. Cameron, Richard J., "Advanced coupling matrix synthesis techniques for microwave filters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1-10, 2003.

31. Chu, Qing-Xin and Huan Wang, "A compact open-loop filter with mixed electric and magnetic coupling," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 56, No. 2, 431-439, 2008.

32. Wang, Fengjuan, Jilin Kou, Xiangkun Yin, Jiangfan Liu, Kai Jing, Ningmei Yu, Yuan Yang, and Qian Li, "A compact fifth-order SIW BPF based on TSV technology with high selectivity," Microelectronics Journal, Vol. 144, 106067, 2024.

33. Zheng, Yan and Yuandan Dong, "Miniaturized hybrid filter using stripline and LC-loaded SIW resonators," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 69, No. 9, 3719-3723, 2022.

34. Zhu, Yilong, Yuandan Dong, Jens Bornemann, Lin Gu, and Deisy Formiga Mamedes, "An inline compact SIW bandpass filter with quasi-elliptic response using microstrip extracted-pole resonators," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Vol. 70, No. 6, 1856-1860, 2022.

Dr. Luyao Tang

Dr. Wei Han

Dr. Hao Wei

Dr. Yanbin Li