volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel asymmetric design for spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) transmission line-based endfire antenna. It utilizes the phase reversal condition in an asymmetric SSPP transmission line to achieve high gain endfire radiation. The antenna design uses mono-planar fabrication using the CPW concept. Achieving asymmetry in the SSPP transmission line involves simply bending a straight SSPP transmission line containing H-shaped unit cells. Successive upward and downward bending of the transmission line introduces the phase reversal condition and increases the antenna's gain. Notably, there are no limitations on the length over which bending occurs to achieve the phase reversal condition. Simple design principles, a single-layer configuration, and high gain are the advantages of the antenna. Results from the fabricated prototype closely match simulation results. Within the 7.7-8.3 GHz operating band, the antenna exhibits a 7.5% bandwidth and a peak gain of 13.6 dBi. It can find applications in various wireless communication systems requiring high gain and endfire radiations.

1. Chopra, Rinkee and Girish Kumar, "Compact, broadband, and high gain directional endfire antenna," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 7, 2546-2553, 2020.

2. Tian, Ying Zhou, Yong Mei Pan, Xi Yao Liu, and Kwok Wa Leung, "An SIW-based wideband endfire filtering magneto-electric dipole antenna for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 12, 9986-9991, 2023.

3. Pendry, J. B., L. Martin-Moreno, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, "Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces," Science, Vol. 305, No. 5685, 847-848, 2004.

4. Chaparala, Rishitej, Shaik Imamvali, and Sreenivasulu Tupakula, "Enhancement of spoof surface plasmon polariton waveguide performance through modified groove width," Optical Engineering, Vol. 63, No. 5, 055102, 2024.

5. Xiao, Binggang, Xiao Tu, Alexander Fyffe, Xiumin Wang, and Zhimin Shi, "A compact, high gain, spoof surface plasmon polariton sawtooth end-fire antenna," Journal of Modern Optics, Vol. 67, No. 7, 654-660, 2020.

6. Li, Wei and Wanlin Zhao, "Miniaturized low-profile end-fire antenna based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons," Applied Physics A, Vol. 130, No. 11, 796, Oct. 2024.

7. Bao, Yan, You-bao Wang, Tian-hao Zhang, and Liu-yisi Zhao, "A novel ultra-wideband end-fire antenna based on spoof surface plasma polaritons," Frequenz, Vol. 79, No. 1-2, 71-80, 2025.

8. Zhao, Hongxin, Jinlun Li, Qiuyi Zhang, Shunli Li, and Xiaoxing Yin, "Spoof surface plasmon polariton antenna with dual-band endfire gain and flexible small frequency ratio," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 11, 11079-11084, 2022.

9. Imamvali, Shaik, Rishitej Chaparla, Sreenivasulu Tupakula, and Divya Chaturvedi, "Novel SSPP sensor system with octagon-shaped unit cell for liquid analyte dielectric constant detection," 2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), 1467-1473, Prague, Czech Republic, Jul. 2023.

10. Imamvali, Shaik, T. Nagarajan, Rishitej Chaparala, and Sreenivasulu Tupakula, "Spoof surface plasmon polaritons based detection of glucose in blood phantom for medical diagnosis," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 24, No. 23, 38952-38961, 2024.

11. Kandwal, Abhishek, Qingfeng Zhang, Xiao-Lan Tang, Louis Wy Liu, and Ge Zhang, "Low-profile spoof surface plasmon polaritons traveling-wave antenna for near-endfire radiation," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 2, 184-187, 2018.

12. Ge, Shangkun, Qingfeng Zhang, Amir K. Rashid, Ge Zhang, Chi-Yuk Chiu, and Ross D. Murch, "Analysis of asymmetrically corrugated goubau-line antenna for endfire radiation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 11, 7133-7138, 2019.

13. Rudramuni, Karthik, Puneeth K. T. Rajanna, Krishnamoorthy Kandaswamy, Basudev Majumder, and Qingfeng Zhang, "Goubau line based end-fire antenna," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 12, e22008, 2019.

14. O'Connor, Ellen M., David R. Jackson, and Stuart A. Long, "Extension of the Hansen-Woodyard condition for endfire leaky-wave antennas," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 1201-1204, 2010.

15. Liu, Leilei, Minghong Chen, and Xiaoxing Yin, "Single-layer high gain endfire antenna based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 64139-64144, 2020.

16. Ge, Shangkun, Qingfeng Zhang, Amir Khurrum Rashid, Hong Wang, and Ross D. Murch, "Design of high-gain and small-aperture endfire antenna using a phase-reversal technique," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 7, 5142-5150, 2020.

17. Jiang, Huan, Xiang-yu Cao, Huan-huan Yang, Jun Gao, and Liao-ri Ji-Di, "Single-layer broadband endfire antenna with high-gain and stable beams based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons," Radioengineering, Vol. 31, No. 3, 295-301, 2022.

18. Xiao, Mingru, Amir K. Rashid, Baiyang Liu, Rengui Fan, and Qingfeng Zhang, "Design of high-gain single-layer endfire antenna using phase-reversed asymmetric spoof surface plasmon polaritons," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 3, 641-644, 2023.

Dr. Dhruba Charan Panda

Mr. Bikash K. Santi

Mr. Biku Raut

Dr. Deepak Kumar Naik

Dr. Rajanikanta Swain