volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna employing an elliptical dipole structure, targeting comprehensive omnidirectional coverage within the 1-10 GHz frequency band for 5G Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The antenna, constructed on a cost-effective FR4 substrate, exhibits an impressive impedance bandwidth of 10:1 (S₁₁ ≤ -10 dB) and frequency-dependent gain ranging from 3 to 8 dBi. Its design features ensure minimal side lobe levels below -20 dB, contributing to enhanced signal integrity and reduced interference. Notably, the azimuthal plane radiation pattern maintains a remarkable 1 dB out-of-roundness, facilitating robust communication in diverse IoT environments. Extensive 3D radiation pattern measurements affirm the antenna's effectiveness in optimizing signal propagation and reliability across varying deployment scenarios. This study underscores the significance of the elliptical dipole configuration in advancing UWB technology, highlighting its potential for seamless integration into future 5G IoT networks.

1. Hasan, Yousif M., Abdulkareem S. Abdullah, and Falih M. Alnahwi, "UWB filtenna with reconfigurable and sharp dual-band notches for underlay cognitive radio applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 120, 45-60, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERC22032003

2. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, "A compact monopole slotted patch-antenna for UWB applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 151, 65-71, 2025.
doi:10.2528/PIERC24092403

3. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, Kareem Dhahir Rahi, and Alyaa Abduljawad Mahmood, "Rectangular antenna with dual-notch band characteristics for UWB applications," AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2591, No. 1, 020032, 2023.

4. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, Z.-A. S. A. Rahman, and Y. Al-Yasir, "A miniature hexa-band antenna for internet of things applications using six quarter-wavelength resonators," Advanced Electromagnetics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 52-58, 2025.
doi:10.7716/aem.v14i1.2551

5. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah, and Falih Alnahwi, "Three-modes, reconfigurable filtenna system with UWB, WiMAX, and WLAN states for cognitive radio applications," International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), Vol. 14, No. 1, 15-23, 2024.
doi:10.15866/irecap.v14i1.23912

6. Niemelä, Ville, Jussi Haapola, Matti Hämäläinen, and Jari Iinatti, "An ultra wideband survey: Global regulations and impulse radio research based on standards," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 19, No. 2, 874-890, 2017.

7. Rao, Madasu Venkateswara, Arif Mawardi Ismail, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin, Shehab Khan Noor, Mohamed Nasrun Osman, N. Rahman, Jagannath Malik, and S. Yuvaraj, "Novel Switched Mode OAM Beam Generation Using Series-Fed UCA Antenna for AAVs Nouvelle génération de faisceau MAO en mode commutéà l’aide d’une antenne UCA alimentée en série pour les AAVs," IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 2, 60-65, 2025.

8. Almizan, Hayder, Marwah Haleem Jwair, Yahiea Al Naiemy, Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Lajos Nagy, and Taha A. Elwi, "Novel metasurface based microstrip antenna design for gain enhancement RF harvesting," Infocommunications Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2-8, 2023.
doi:10.36244/ICJ.2023.1.1

9. Nurhayati, Nurhayati, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Eko Setijadi, Bagus Edy Sukoco, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin, and Alexandre Manicoba De Oliveira, "Bandwidth, gain improvement, and notched-band frequency of SWB Wave Coplanar Vivaldi antenna using CSRR," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 16926-16938, 2024.

10. Srinubabu, Manumula and Nuthakki Venkata Rajasekhar, "A high-isolation and compact 4-port MIMO antenna for 5G-NR sub-6ghz applications," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 1-17, 2025.

11. Srinubabu, Manumula and Nuthakki Venkata Rajasekhar, "Enhancing diversity and isolation performance for a four-port MIMO antenna in FR-1 5G frequency bands," IETE Journal of Research, Vol. 70, No. 8, 6711-6726, 2024.

12. Čelan, Višeslav, Ivo Stančić, and Josip Musić, "Ultra wideband assisted localization of semi-autonomous floor scrubber," Journal of Communications Software and Systems, Vol. 13, No. 2, 109-119, 2017.

13. Shinohara, Naoki, "History and innovation of wireless power transfer via microwaves," IEEE Journal of Microwaves, Vol. 1, No. 1, 218-228, 2021.

14. Akkermans, J. A. G., M. C. Van Beurden, G. J. N. Doodeman, and H. J. Visser, "Analytical models for low-power rectenna design," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 4, 187-190, 2005.

15. Pour, Z. A., L. Shafai, and B. Tabachnick, "A practical approach to locate offset reflector focal point and antenna misalignment using vectorial representation of far-field radiation patterns," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 2, 991-996, 2014.

16. Kumar, Manoj, Sundeep Kumar, and Ashwani Sharma, "Dual-purpose planar radial-array of rectenna sensors for orientation estimation and RF-energy harvesting at IoT nodes," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 32, No. 3, 245-248, 2022.

17. Lin, Wei and Richard W. Ziolkowski, "Electrically small, single-substrate Huygens dipole rectenna for ultracompact wireless power transfer applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 2, 1130-1134, 2021.

18. Shaw, Tarakeswar and Debasis Mitra, "Wireless power transfer system based on magnetic dipole coupling with high permittivity metamaterials," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 9, 1823-1827, 2019.

19. Rao, M. Venkateswara, Yaswanth B. Modugu, Debasish Mondal, S. Yuvaraj, and M. V. Kartikeyan, "Generation of dual‐band OAM beam using planar uniform circular array for vehicular communications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 66, No. 1, e13717, 2024.

20. Sudheep, Veeravalli, Maddu Srinivas, Gurrala Kranthi Kumar, Madasu Venkateswara Rao, S. Yuvaraj, and M. V. Kartikeyan, "A low-profile uca antenna to generate conical beam based on oam technique for vehicular applications," 2023 3rd International conference on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP), 1-4, Vijayawada, India, March 2023.

21. Zhang, Ying, Shandong Li, Zhi-Qun Yang, Xiao-Yun Qu, and Wei-Hua Zong, "A coplanar waveguide-fed flexible antenna for ultra-wideband applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 8, e22258, 2020.

22. Mustaqim, Muhammad, Bilal A. Khawaja, Hassan T. Chattha, Kinza Shafique, Muhammad J. Zafar, and Mohsin Jamil, "Ultra‐wideband antenna for wearable Internet of Things devices and wireless body area network applications," International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields, Vol. 32, No. 6, e2590, 2019.

23. Saha, Tonmoy Kumar, Tyler Nathan Knaus, Ajit Khosla, and Praveen Kumar Sekhar, "A CPW-fed flexible UWB antenna for IoT applications," Microsystem Technologies, Vol. 28, No. 1, 5-11, 2022.

24. Wang, Zhiliang, Lin Qin, Qingyue Chen, Wenwen Yang, and Huiwen Qu, "Flexible UWB antenna fabricated on polyimide substrate by surface modification and in situ self-metallization technique," Microelectronic Engineering, Vol. 206, 12-16, 2019.

25. Fang, Ran, Rongguo Song, Xin Zhao, Zhe Wang, Wei Qian, and Daping He, "Compact and low-profile UWB antenna based on graphene-assembled films for wearable applications," Sensors, Vol. 20, No. 9, 2552, 2020.
doi:10.3390/s20092552

26. Di Natale, Antonio and Emidio Di Giampaolo, "A reconfigurable all-textile wearable UWB antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 103, 31-43, 2020.

27. Zhang, Ying, Shandong Li, Zhi-Qun Yang, Xiao-Yun Qu, and Wei-Hua Zong, "A coplanar waveguide-fed flexible antenna for ultra-wideband applications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 8, e22258, 2020.

28. Gharbi, Mariam El, Marc Martinez-Estrada, Raul Fernández-García, Saida Ahyoud, and Ignacio Gil, "A novel ultra-wide band wearable antenna under different bending conditions for electronic-textile applications," The Journal of the Textile Institute, Vol. 112, No. 3, 437-443, 2021.

29. Balanis, Constantine A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

30. Cheng, Yang and Yuandan Dong, "Ultrawideband shared-aperture crossed tapered slot antenna for 5G applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 3, 472-476, 2023.

31. Samal, Purna B., Shengjian Jammy Chen, and Christophe Fumeaux, "Wearable textile multiband antenna for WBAN applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 2, 1391-1402, 2023.

32. Fiser, Ondrej, Vojtech Hruby, Jan Vrba, Tomas Drizdal, Jan Tesarik, Jan Vrba Jr, and David Vrba, "UWB bowtie antenna for medical microwave imaging applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 7, 5357-5372, 2022.

33. Park, Seungyong and Kyung-Young Jung, "Novel compact UWB planar monopole antenna using a ribbon-shaped slot," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 61951-61959, 2022.

34. Mazzinghi, Agnese, David Barras, Boris Danev, and Angelo Freni, "Miniaturized UWB dual-port antenna for localization applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1080-1084, 2024.

Dr. Inaganti Rama Koteswara Rao

Dr. Ramavathu Sambasiva Nayak

Dr. Karumuri Rajasekhar