volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Quadrature 3-dB impedance-transforming transdirectional (TRD) couplers based on double-shielded coupled lines are analyzed and synthesized; design relationships are also presented. To verify proposed concept two couplers implemented with high-permittivity (higher than 10) dielectrics are designed, fabricated, and measured. The first TRD coupler features a suspended ceramic bar, and the second one features a meandering layout of the upper line on a high-permittivity dielectric overlay. Comparison of the proposed solutions with known ones shows that novel coupler designs have advantages in small dimensions and an extended bandwidth of operating frequency (about 1.5-2 times). The simulated results are in good agreement with the measurement data.

1. Shie, Ching-Ian, Jui-Ching Cheng, Sheng-Chun Chou, and Yi-Chyun Chiang, "Transdirectional coupled-line couplers implemented by periodical shunt capacitors," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 57, No. 12, 2981-2988, Dec. 2009.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2009.2034219

2. Turalchuk, Pavel, Irina Munina, Irina Vendik, Jia Ni, and Jiasheng Hong, "DC isolated directional coupler," 2014 44th European Microwave Conference, 93-95, Rome, Italy, 2014.
doi:10.1109/EuMC.2014.6986377

3. Sychev, Aleksandr N., Sergey M. Struchkov, Vladimir N. Putilov, and Nickolay Yu. Rudyi, "A novel trans-directional coupler based on vertically installed planar circuit," 2015 European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 283-286, Paris, France, 2015.
doi:10.1109/EuMC.2015.7345755

4. Liu, Hongmei, Xiaoting Li, Yongquan Guo, Shao-Jun Fang, and Zhongbao Wang, "Design of filtering coupled-line trans-directional coupler with broadband bandpass response," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 100, 163-173, 2021.
doi:10.2528/pierm20110405

5. Zhang, Yifan, Yongle Wu, and Weimin Wang, "Miniaturized filtering trans-directional coupler with enhanced input-reflectionless feature using two types of coupled multi-line sections," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 12, e23427, 2022.
doi:10.1002/mmce.23427

6. Liu, Hongmei, Shaojun Fang, Zhongbao Wang, and Shiqiang Fu, "Design of arbitrary-phase-difference transdirectional coupler and its application to a flexible Butler matrix," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 67, No. 10, 4175-4185, Oct. 2019.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2019.2934440

7. Jeannin, Lucie, Larbi Boukhezar, Olivier Occello, Loic Vincent, Guillaume Ducournau, Marc Le Roy, André Pérennec, and Philippe Ferrari, "A versatile balun based on a power divider topology," 2024 54th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 3-6, Paris, France, 2024.
doi:10.23919/EuMC61614.2024.10732152

8. Cristal, E. G., "Coupled-transmission-line directional couplers with coupled lines of unequal characteristic impedances," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 14, No. 7, 337-346, Jul. 1966.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1966.1126266

9. Wincza, Krzysztof and Slawomir Gruszczynski, "Asymmetric coupled-line directional couplers as impedance transformers in balanced and N-way power amplifiers," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 59, No. 7, 1803-1810, Jul. 2011.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2011.2141677

10. Wincza, Krzysztof, Slawomir Gruszczynski, and Stanislaw Kuta, "Approach to the design of asymmetric coupled-line directional couplers with the maximum achievable impedance-transformation ratio," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 60, No. 5, 1218-1225, May 2012.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2012.2187065

11. Sychev, Aleksandr N., Vladislav A. Bondar, Kezhik B.-B. Dagba, Anton I. Stepanyuga, and Nickolay Y. Rudyi, "Theory of doubly-shielded coupled lines for directional couplers of various directivity types with impedance transformation," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 71, No. 5, 2104-2117, May 2023.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2022.3227310

12. Matsumoto, A., Microwave Filters and Circuits, 349, Academic Press, New York, London, 1970.

13. Wincza, Krzysztof, Kamil Staszek, Robert Smolarz, and Slawomir Gruszczynski, "Impedance-transforming transdirectional coupled-line directional couplers with maximum achievable transformation ratio," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 93841-93847, 2024.
doi:10.1109/access.2024.3424536

14. Lin, Chien-San, Sheng-Fuh Chang, Chia-Chan Chang, and Yi-Hao Shu, "Design of a reflection-type phase shifter with wide relative phase shift and constant insertion loss," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 55, No. 9, 1862-1868, Sep. 2007.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.903346

15. Tripathi, V. K., "Asymmetric coupled transmission lines in an inhomogeneous medium," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 23, No. 9, 734-739, Sep. 1975.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1975.1128665

16. Sychev, A. N., "Synthesis of modal and distributed parameters of asymmetric coupled lines with inhomogeneous dielectrics," Journal of Radio Electronics, No. 6, 2024.
doi:10.30898/1684-1719.2024.6.7

17. Trufanova, Natalia S., Sergey A. Artishchev, Anton G. Loschilov, and Eldar R. Ragimov, "Manufacturing of hybrid integrated circuits using additive printer technology," 2022 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON), 1-5, Tomsk, Russian Federation, 2022.
doi:10.1109/SIBCON56144.2022.10002958

18. Sychev, Aleksandr N. and Konstantin K. Zharov, "Analysis of asymmetric broad-side coupled lines by conformal mapping technique," 2019 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON), 1-3, Tomsk, Russia, 2019.
doi:10.1109/SIBCON.2019.8729591

19. Oraizi, Homayoon and Mohammad Javad Siahkari, "Optimum design of multi-section asymmetrical transdirectional couplers with port impedance matching up to S band frequency," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2022, No. 1, 4046706, 2022.
doi:10.1155/2022/4046706

Prof. Aleksandr N. Sychev

Dr. Sergey A. Artishchev

Dr. Natalia S. Trufanova

Dr. Nickolay Y. Rudyi