2011-10-02
Linear and Nonlinear Refractive Index Changes in Spherical Quantum Dot
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 21, 77-92, 2011
Abstract
In this study, refractive index changes associated with intersubband transitions in a spherical quantum dot, GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs, have been theoretically calculated in the presence of impurity. In this regard, the effect of dot radius, stoichiometric ratio, impurity and incident optical intensity on the refractive index changes have been investigated for the transitions between higher energy states, i.e., 1s-1p, 1p-1d and 1d-1f. The results show that these parameters have a great influence on the refractive index changes.
Citation
Bekir Cakir, Yusuf Yakar, and Ayhan Özmen, "Linear and Nonlinear Refractive Index Changes in Spherical Quantum Dot," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 21, 77-92, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIERM11080903
References

1. Maksym, P. A. and T. Chakraborty, "Quantum dots in a magnetic field: Role of electron-electron interactions," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 65, 108, 1990.        Google Scholar

2. Bose, C. and C. K. Sarkar, "Effect of a parabolic potential on the impurity binding energy in spherical quantum dots," Physica B, Vol. 253, 238, 1998.        Google Scholar

3. Niculescu, E. C., "Energy levels in a spherical quantum dot with parabolic confinement under applied electric fields," Mod. Phys. Lett. B, Vol. 15, 545, 2001.        Google Scholar

4. Mikhail, I. F. I. and I. M. M. Ismail, "Binding energy of an off-centre hydrogenic donor impurity in a spherical quantum dot," Phys. Stat. Sol. (B), Vol. 244, 3647, 2007.        Google Scholar

5. Cakir, B., A. Ozmen, U. Atav, H. Yuksel, and Y. Yakar, "Investigation of electronic structure of a quantum dot using slater-type orbitals and quantum genetic algorithm," Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, Vol. 18, 61, 2007.        Google Scholar

6. Cakir, B., A. Ozmen, U. Atav, H. Yuksel, and Y. Yakar, "Calculation of electronic structure of a spherical quantum dot using a combination of quantum genetic algorithm and Hartree-Fock-Roothaan method," Int. J. Mod. Phys. C, Vol. 19, 599, 2008.        Google Scholar

7. Aquino, N., "The hydrogen and helium atoms confined in spherical boxes," Adv. Quantum Chem., Vol. 57, 123, 2009.        Google Scholar

8. Patil, S. H. and Y. P. Varshni, "Properties of confined hydrogen and helium atoms," Adv. Quantum Chem., Vol. 57, 1, 2009.        Google Scholar

9. Sadeghi, E., "Impurity binding energy of excited states in spherical quantum dot," Physica E, Vol. 41, 1319, 2009.        Google Scholar

10. Duque, C. A., E. Kasapoglu, S. Sakiro·glu, H. Sari, and E. Sokmen, "Intense laser effects on donor impurity in a cylindrical single and vertically coupled quantum dots under combined effects of hydrostatic pressure and applied electric field," Apply Surf. Sci., Vol. 256, 7406, 2010.        Google Scholar

11. Mikhail, I. F. I. and I. M. M. Ismail, "Hydrogenic impurity in a quantum dot: Comparison between the variational and strong perturbation methods," Superlattices Microstruct., Vol. 48, 388, 2010.        Google Scholar

12. Nasri, D. and N. Sakkal, "General properties of confined hydrogenic impurities in spherical quantum dots," Physica E, Vol. 42, 2257, 2010.        Google Scholar

13. Ahn, D. and S. L. Chuang, "Calculation of linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorptions in a quantum-well model with an applied electric-field," J. Quantum Electronics, Vol. 23, 2196, 1987.        Google Scholar

14. Kuhn, K. J., G. I. Iyengar, and S. Yee, "Free carrier induced changes in the absorption and refractive index for intersubband optical transitions in AlxGa11-xAs/GaAs/AlxGa11-xAs quantum wells," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 70, 5010, 1991.        Google Scholar

15. Liu, C. H. and B. R. Xu, "Theoretical study of the optical absorption and refraction index change in a cylindrical quantum dot," Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 372, 888, 2008.        Google Scholar

16. Wang, G., Q. Guo, and K. Guo, "Refractive index changes induced by the incident optical intensity in semiparabolic quantum wells," Chin. J. Phys., Vol. 109, 063108, 2011.        Google Scholar

17. Ozmen, A., Y. Yakar, B. Cakir, and U. Atav, "Computation of the oscillator strength and absorption coeffcients for the intersubband transitions of the spherical quantum dot," Opt. Commun., Vol. 282, 3999, 2009.        Google Scholar

18. Yakar, Y., B. Cakir, and A. Ozmen, "Linear and nonlinear optical properties in spherical quantum dots," Commun. Theor. Phys., Vol. 53, 1185, 2010.        Google Scholar

19. Cakir, B., Y. Yakar, A. Ozmen, M. O. Sezer, and M. Sahin, "Linear and nonlinear optical absorption coeffcients and binding energy of a spherical quantum dot," Superlattices Microstruct., Vol. 47, 556, 2010.        Google Scholar

20. Yakar, Y., B. Cakir, and A. Ozmen, "Calculation of linear and nonlinear optical absorption coeffcients of a spherical quantum dot with parabolic potential," Opt. Commun., Vol. 283, 1795, 2010.        Google Scholar

21. Chen, B., K. X. Guo, R. Z. Wang, Z. H. Zhang, and Z. L. Liu, "Linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption in double triangular quantum wells," Solid State Commun., Vol. 149, 310, 2009.        Google Scholar

22. Bau, N. Q., L. T. Hung, and N. D. Nam, "The nonlinear absorption coeffcient of a strong electromagnetic wave by confined electrons in quantum wells under the influences of confined phonons," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 13, 1751-1761, 2010.        Google Scholar

23. Trein, H. D. and N. V. Nhan, "The nonlinear absorption of a strong electromagnetic waves caused by confined electrons in a cylindrical quantum wire," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 20, 87-96, 2011.        Google Scholar

24. Sahin, M., "Photoionization cross section and intersublevel transitions in a one- and two-electron spherical quantum dot with a hydrogenic impurity," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 77, 045317, 2008.        Google Scholar

25. Sahin, M., "Third-order nonlinear optical properties of a one- and two-electron spherical quantum dot with and without a hydrogenic impurity," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 106, 063710, 2009.        Google Scholar

26. Yuan, J. H., J. S. Huang, M. Yin, O. J. Zeng, and J. P. Zhang, "The correlation energies and nonlinear optical absorptions of an exciton in a disc-like quantum dot," Opt. Commun., Vol. 283, 3529, 2010.        Google Scholar

27. Shao, S., K. X. Guo, Z. H. Zhang, N. Li, and C. Peng, "Studies on the third-harmonic generations in cylindrical quantum dots with an applied electric field," Superlattices Microstruct., Vol. 48, 541, 2010.        Google Scholar

28. Rezaei, G., B. Vaseghi, F. Taghizadeh, M. R. K. Vahdani, and M. J. Karimi, "Intersubband optical absorption coeffcient changes and refractive index changes in a two-dimensional quantum pseudodot system," Superlattices Microstruct., Vol. 48, 450, 2010.        Google Scholar

29. Zhang, L., Z. Yu, W. Yao, Y. Liu, and H. Ye, "Linear and nonlinear optical properties of strained GaN/AlN quantum dots: Effects of impurities, radii of QDs, and the incident optical intensity," Superlattices Microstruct., Vol. 48, 434, 2010.        Google Scholar

30. Rezaei, G., M. R. K. Vahdani, and B. Vaseghi, "Nonlinear optical properties of a hydrogenic impurity in an ellipsoidal finite potential quantum dot," Current Appl. Phys., Vol. 11, 176, 2011.        Google Scholar

31. Zhang, Z. H., K. X. Guo, B. Chen, R. Z. Wang, M. W. Kang, and S. Shao, "Theoretical studies on the optical absorption coeffcients and refractive index changes in parabolic quantum dots in the presence of electric and magnetic fields," Superlattices Microstruct., Vol. 47, 408, 2010.        Google Scholar

33. Duque, C. A., E. Kasapoglu, S. Sakiroglu, H. Sari, and E. Sokmen, "Intense laser effects on nonlinear optical absorption and optical rectification in single quantum wells under applied electric and magnetic field," Apply Surf. Sci., Vol. 257, 2313, 2011.        Google Scholar

34. Kirak, M., S. Yilmaz, M. S»ahin, and M. Gencaslan, "The electric field effects on the binding energies and the nonlinear optical properties of a donor impurity in a spherical quantum dot," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 109, 094309, 2011.        Google Scholar

35. Boyd, W., Nonlinear Optics, 2nd edition, Academic Press, New York, 2003.

36. Adachi, S., GaAs and Related Materials: Bulk Semiconducting and Superlattice Properties, World Scientific, Singapore, 1994.

37. Queisser, H. J. and E. E. Haller, "Defects in semiconductors: Some fatal, some vital," Science, Vol. 281, 945, 1998.        Google Scholar