volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, we present the design of a metamaterial based microstrip patch antenna, optimized for bandwidth and multiple frequency operations. A Criss-Cross structure has been proposed. This shape is inspired by the famous Jerusalem Cross. The theory and design formulas to calculate various parameters of the proposed antenna have been presented. The software analysis of the proposed unit cell structure has been validated experimentally thus giving negative response of ε and μ. Following this, a metamaterial-based-microstrip-patch-antenna is designed. A detailed comparative study is conducted exploring the response of the designed patch made of metamaterial and that of the conventional patch. Finally, antenna parameters such as gain, bandwidth, radiation pattern and multiple frequency responses are investigated and optimised and presented in tables and response-graphs. It is also observed that the physical dimension of the metamaterial based patch antenna is smaller than its conventional counterpart operating at the same fundamental frequency. The response of the patch antenna has also been verified experimentally. The challenging part was to develop metamaterial based on some signature structures and techniques that would offer advantage in terms of bandwidth and multiple frequency operation, which is demonstrated in this paper. The unique shape proposed in this paper gives improvement in bandwidth without reducing the gain of the antenna.

1. Alexopoulos, N. G. and D. R. Jackson, "Fundamental superstrate (cover) effects on printed circuit antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 32, No. 8, 807-816, Aug. 1984.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1984.1143433 Google Scholar

2. Robert, B., T. Razban, and A. Papiernik, "Compact amplifier integration in square patch antenna," Electronics Letters, Vol. 28, No. 19, 1808-1810, Sep. 1992.
doi:10.1049/el:19921153 Google Scholar

3. Lee, R. Q. and K. F. Lee, "Experimental study of the two-layer electromagnetically coupled rectangular patch antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 38, No. 8, 1298-1302, Aug. 1990.
doi:10.1109/8.56971 Google Scholar

4. Huynh, T. and K. F. Lee, "Single layer single patch wideband microstrip patch antenna," Electronics Letters, Vol. 31, No. 16, 1310-1311, Aug. 1995.
doi:10.1049/el:19950950 Google Scholar

5. Gupta, V., S. Sinha, S. K. Koul, and B. Bhat, "Wideband dielectric resonator-loaded suspended microstrip patch antennas," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 37, 300-302, May 2003.
doi:10.1002/mop.10900 Google Scholar

6. Yang, F., X. X. Zhang, X. Ye, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Wide band E shaped patch antenna for wireless communications," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 49, 1094-1100, 2001.
doi:10.1109/8.933489 Google Scholar

7. Majid, H. A., M. K. A. Rahim, and T. Masri, "Microstrip antennas gain enhancement using LHM structures," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 8, 235-247, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERM09071301 Google Scholar

8. Buell, K., H. Mosallaei, and K. Sarabandi, "A substrate for small patch antennas providing tunable miniaturization factor," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 54, No. 1, 135-146, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.860329 Google Scholar

9. Alici, K. B. and E. Ozbay, "Electrically small split ring resonator antennas," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 101, 083104, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2722232 Google Scholar

10. Pirhadi, A., F. Keshmiri, M. Hakkak, and M. Tayarani, "Analysis and design of dual band high directivity EBG resonator antenna using square loop FSS as superstrate layer," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol., Vol. 70, 1-20, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07010201 Google Scholar

11. Burokur, S. N., M. Latrach, and S. Toutain, "Theoritical investigation of a circular patch antenna in the presence of a left-handed metamaterial," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 4, 183-186, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2005.850797 Google Scholar

12. Inamdar, K., Y. P. Kosta, and S. Patnaik, "A Criss-Cross metamaterial based electrically small antenna," IJERA, Vol. 3, No. 3, 4-7, May-Jun. 2013. Google Scholar

13. Ziolkowski, R. W., "Design, fabrication, and testing of double negative metamaterials," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 7, 1516-1529, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.813622 Google Scholar

14. Wang, J., S. Qu, Hua Ma, S. Xia, Y. Yang, L. Lu, X. Wu, Z. Xu, and Q. Wang, "Experimental verification of anisotropic three dimensional left-handed metamaterial composed of Jerusalem Crosses," PIERS Online, Vol. 6, No. 1, 31-35, 2010.
doi:10.2529/PIERS090825095520 Google Scholar

15. Katko, A. R., Artificial negative permeability based on a fractal Jerusalem Cross, Undergraduate Honors Thesis, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Honors, The Ohio State University, 2009.

16. Inamdar, K., Y. P. Kosta, and S. Patnaik, "A Criss-Cross shaped left-handed metamaterial," EJSR, Vol. 104, No. 2, 261-269, Jun. 2013. Google Scholar

17. Smith, D. R., et al., "Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials," Physical Review E, Vol. 71, 036617, 2005.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036617 Google Scholar

Dr. Kirti Inamdar

Professor Yogesh Pasad Kosta

Prof. Suprava Patnaik