volume | PIER Journals

2015-03-18

DOA Estimation by Using Luneburg Lens Antenna with Mode Extraction and Signal Processing Technique

Xiang Gu,

Dr. Xiang Gu

Center for Space Science and Applied Research, CAS

China

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Sidharath Jain,

Dr. Sidharath Jain

R&D Engineer

Microsoft Corporation

USA

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Raj Mittra,

Professor Raj Mittra

Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory

The Pennsylvania State University

USA

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Yunhua Zhang

Prof. Yunhua Zhang

CAS Key Laboratory of Microwave Remote Sensing, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences

China

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Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 56, 145-151, 2015

doi:10.2528/PIERC15012507

Abstract

We propose a framework based on the use of a flat-base Luneburg lens antenna with a waveguide array for Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation, and also present a hybrid approach which combines waveguide mode extraction and signal processing techniques for enhancing the angular resolution of the lens antenna. The hybrid method involves sampling the electric field at specified positions when the lens is operating in the receive mode, and extracting the weights of the possible propagating modes in each waveguide. Following this, we correlate these weights with the known ones that have been derived by either simulated or measured signals from single targets located at different look angles, to make an initial estimate of the angular regions of possible DOAs. We then apply an algorithm based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the simulated or measured database to estimate the angles of incidence. Numerical results show that the proposed framework, used in conjunction with the hybrid approach, can achieve an enhanced resolution over the conventional limit base on the 3 dB beamwidth of the lens antenna. Furthermore, it is capable of locating targets with different scattering cross-sections and achieving an angular resolution as small as 2˚, for a Luneburg lens antenna with an aperture size of 6.35λ and a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 30 dB.

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Xiang Gu, Sidharath Jain, Raj Mittra, and Yunhua Zhang, "DOA Estimation by Using Luneburg Lens Antenna with Mode Extraction and Signal Processing Technique," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 56, 145-151, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERC15012507

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