volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents a novel compact Koch snowflake fractal ring based Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) for ultra wideband application. Firstly, Koch snowflake fractal geometry is implemented on the conventional Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA). Further, the performance of the DRA is enhanced by fractal ring created on the snowflake geometry. With the application of the fractal and the fractal ring geometry, the Q-factor of DRA is reduced, thus the bandwidth of DRA is increased. The proposed antenna offers a wide impedance bandwidth of 90% ranging from 4.7 GHz-12.4 GHz. The effect of the fractal geometry enhances the gain of DRA. The proposed antenna achieves radiation efficiency more than 78%, throughout the bandwidth. Interestingly, the proposed configuration reduces the DRA volume by 76.63% with reduced volume of 7.91 cm³. The experimental verification of the proposed structure shows good agreement between simulated and measured results.

1. Long, S. A., M. W. McAllister, and L. C. Shen, "The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 31, No. 3, 406-412, March 1983.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1983.1143080 Google Scholar

2. Petosa, A., Dielectric Resonator Antenna Handbook, Artech House, Norwood, MA, USA, 2007.

3. McAllister, M. W. and S. A. Long, "Rectangular dielectric resonator antenna," IET Electronics Letters, Vol. 19, No. 6, 218-219, Mar. 1983.
doi:10.1049/el:19830150 Google Scholar

4. McAllister, M. W. and S. A. Long, "Resonant hemispherical dielectric antenna," IET Electronics Letters, Vol. 20, 657-659, Aug. 1984.
doi:10.1049/el:19840450 Google Scholar

5. Mandelbrot, B., The Fractal Geometry of Nature, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1977.

6. Dhar, S., R. Ghatak, B. Gupta, and D. R. Poddar, "A wideband Minkowski fractal dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 61, No. 6, 2895-2903, Jun. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2251596 Google Scholar

7. Mukherjee, B., P. Patel, and J. Mukherjee, "Hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna based on Apollonian Gasket of circles — A fractal approach," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 62, No. 1, 40-47, Jan. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2287011 Google Scholar

8. Majeed, A. H., A. S. Abdullah, K. H. Sayidmarie, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, F. Elmegri, and J. M. Noras, "Balanced dual-segment cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas for ultra-wideband applications," IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 9, No. 13, 1478-1486, 2015.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2015.0221 Google Scholar

9. Ozzaim, C., F. Ustuner, and N. Tarim, "Stacked conical ring dielectric resonator antenna excited by a monopole for improved ultra-wide bandwidth," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 61, No. 3, Mar. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2227442 Google Scholar

10. Sharma, A. and R. K. Gangwar, "Hybrid two segments ring dielectric resonator antenna for ultra wideband application," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 1, 47-53, Jan. 2016.
doi:10.1002/mmce.20937 Google Scholar

11. Guha, D., B. Gupta, and Y. M. M. Antar, "Hybrid monopole DRAs using hemispherical/conicalshaped dielectric ring resonators: Improved ultra wideband designs," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 60, 393-398, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2167948 Google Scholar

12. Majeed, A. H., A. S. Abdullah, K. H. Sayidmarie, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, F. Elmegri, and J. M. Noras, "Compact dielectric resonator antenna with band-notched characteristics for ultrawideband applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 57, 137-148, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERC15022102 Google Scholar

13. Gangwar, R. K., S. P. Singh, and D. Kumar, "A modified fractal rectangular curve dielectric resonator antenna for WiMAX application," Progress In Electromagnetic Research C, Vol. 12, 37-51, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERC09111303 Google Scholar

14. Addison, P. S., Fractals and Chaos — An Illustrated Course, IoP Publishing, Institute of Physics, 1997.
doi:10.1201/9780849384431

15. Barnsley, M. F., Fractals Everywhere, 2 Ed., Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.

16. Zhu, Z. W. and B. G. Jia, "On the lower bound of the Hausdorff measure of the Koch curve," Acta Mathematica Sinica, Vol. 19, No. 4, 715-728, Oct. 2003.
doi:10.1007/s10114-003-0310-2 Google Scholar

17. Kajfez, D., A. W. Glisson, and J. James, "Computed modal field distribution for isolated dielectric resonators," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 32, 1609-1616, Dec. 1984.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1984.1132900 Google Scholar

18. De Medeiros, J. L. G., W. C. de Araujo, A. G. d’Assuncao, L. M. de Mendonca, and J. B. L. de Oliveira, "Investigation on ZPT ceramics applied as dielectric resonator antenna for ultra-wideband systems," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 55, No. 6, 1352-1355, Jun. 2013.
doi:10.1002/mop.27576 Google Scholar

19. Pozar, M., Microwave Engineering, 2 Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

20. Kong, J. A., Electromagnetic Wave Theory, Wiley Interscience, 1990.

21. Harrington, R. F., Time Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, IEEE Press, New York, 2001.
doi:10.1109/9780470546710

22. Waldron, R. A., "Perturbation theory of resonant cavities," roc. IEE — Part C Monogrraphs, Vol. 107, 272-274, 1960.
doi:10.1049/pi-c.1960.0041 Google Scholar

23. Chaudhary, R. K., K. V. Srivastava, and A. Biswas, "Multi-band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna using permittivity variation in azimuth direction," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 59, 11-20, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERC15070708 Google Scholar

24. Babik, G. B., C. Di Nallo, and A. Faraone, "Multimode dielectric resonator antenna of very high permittivity," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 2, 1383-1386, Monterey, CA, 2004. Google Scholar

25. Mongia, R. K. and P. Bhartia, "Dielectric resonator antennas — A review and general design relations for resonant frequency and bandwidth," Int. J. of Microwave Millimeter-Wave Eng., Vol. 4, No. 3, 230-247, Jul. 1994.
doi:10.1002/mmce.4570040304 Google Scholar

26. Wannagot, G. A., A. Macqueen, R. E. Cozzolino, and L. J. Reading, "Variable gain and variable beam width antenna (the hinged antenna),", U.S. patent 6774854 B2, Aug. 10, 2004. Google Scholar

27. Mohebbi, B. B., "Variable gain antenna for cellular repeater,", U.S. patent 20080299897 A1, Dec. 4, 2008. Google Scholar

28. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, 3 Ed., Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 2005.

Dr. Dileep Sankaranarayanan

Dr. Duggirala Venkatakiran

Dr. Biswajeet Mukherjee