volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This article focuses on the development of a high gain, broadband, circularly polarized Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) antenna operating at 60 GHz. The designed antenna is configured with a superstrate based on a frequency selective surface (FSS) placed in front of a cross dielectric resonator antenna (XDRA), installed into a ground plane, which acts as an excitation source. A fast Leaky-Wave approach based on transverse equivalent network (TEN) is used to deduce analytical radiation patterns formulas of the proposed antenna. The proposed analytical model was implemented and verified by a comparison with both numerical and experimental results. The reported results showed very satisfactory performances with an achievable impedance bandwidth (S₁₁< -10 dB) of 11.7% from 56 to 63 GHz, an axial-ratio bandwidth (AR<3 dB) of 5.4% from 58.9 to 62.1 GHz and a stable gain of 16.7 dBi within the passband. A good agreement among analytical, numerical and measured results is successfully achieved and falls well within initially set specifications.

1. Guo, N., R. C. Qiu, S. S. Mo, and K. Takahashi, "60-GHz millimeter-wave radio: Principle, technology, and new results," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol. 2007, 2007. Google Scholar

2. Yildirim, F., A. S. Sadri, and H. Liu, "Polarization effects for indoor wireless communications at 60 GHz," IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 12, No. 9, 660-662, Sep. 2008.
doi:10.1109/LCOMM.2008.080757 Google Scholar

3. Rappaport, T. S., J. Murdock, and F. Gutierrez, "State of the art in 60-GHz integrated circuits and systems for wireless communications," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 99, No. 8, 1390-1436, Aug. 2011.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2011.2143650 Google Scholar

4. Petosa, A. and A. Ittipiboon, "Dielectric resonator antennas: A historical review and the current state of the art," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 52, No. 5, 91-116, Oct. 2010.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5687510 Google Scholar

5. Elkarkraoui, T., G. Y. Delisle, N. Hakem, and Y. Coulibaly, "High gain cross DRA antenna array for underground communications," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Memphis, TN, USA, Jul. 6–12, 2014. Google Scholar

6. Vettikalladi, H., O. Lafond, and M. Himdi, "High-gain broad-band superstrate millimeter wave antenna for 60GHz indoor communications," 5th ESA Workshop on Millimeter Wave Technology and Applications and 31st ESA Antenna Workshop at ESTEC, Netherland, May 18–20, 2009. Google Scholar

7. Nasimuddin and K. P. Esselle, "A low-profile compact microwave antenna with high gain and wide bandwidth," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 6, 1880-1883, Jun. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.898644 Google Scholar

8. Petosa, A., A. Ittipiboon, Y. M. M. Antar, and D. Roscoe, "Recent advances in dielectric resonator antenna technology," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 40, No. 3, 35-48, Jun. 1998.
doi:10.1109/74.706069 Google Scholar

9. Lee, M., S.-J. Kim, G. Kwon, C. M. Song, Y. Yang, K.-Y. Lee, and K. C. Hwang, "Circularly polarized semi-eccentric annular dielectric resonator antenna for X-band applications," IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 14, 1810-1813, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2015.2435052 Google Scholar

10. Chair, R., et al. "Aperture-fed wideband circularly polarized rectangular stair-shaped dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 54, No. 4, 1350-1352, Apr. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.872665 Google Scholar

11. Sulaiman, M. I. and S. K. Khamas, "A singly fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with a wideband circular polarization," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 9, 615-618, Jun. 2010.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2010.2054060 Google Scholar

12. Kaklamani, D., "Full-wave analysis of a Fabry-Perot type resonator," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 13, No. 12, 1627-1634, 1999.
doi:10.1163/156939399X00024 Google Scholar

13. Huang, C.-Y., J.-Y. Wu, and K.-L. Wong, "Cross-slot-coupled microstrip antenna and dielectric resonator antenna for circular polarization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 47, No. 4, 605-609, 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.768798 Google Scholar

14. Kumari, R. and R. Kumar, "Circular polarized dielectric resonator antenna: Design and developments," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 86, No. 2, 851-886, Jan. 2016.
doi:10.1007/s11277-015-2959-0 Google Scholar

15. Himdi, J., P. Daniel, and C. Terret, "Transmission line analysis of aperture coupled microstrip antenna," Electronics Letters, Vol. 25, No. 18, 1229-1230, Aug. 1989.
doi:10.1049/el:19890824 Google Scholar

16. Baba, A. A., M. A. Zakariya, Z. Baharudin, M. Z. U. Rehman, M. F. Ain, and Z. A. Ahmad, "Equivalent lumped-element circuit of aperture and mutually coupled cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 45, 15-31, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERC13091101 Google Scholar

17. Al-Jibouri, Y. B., H. Evans, E. Korolkiewicz, E. G. Lim, A. Sambell, and T. Viasits, "Cavity model of circularly polarised cross-aperture-coupled microstrip antenna," IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 148, No. 3, 147-152, 2001.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20010498 Google Scholar

18. Haneishi, M. and S. Yoshida, "A design method of circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna by one-feed point," Electronics & communications in Japan, Vol. 64, No. 4, 46-54, 1981.
doi:10.1002/ecja.4410640407 Google Scholar

19. Garg, R., B. Prakash, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2001.

20. Ruan, Y.-F., Y.-X. Guo, and X.-Q. Shi, "Equivalent circuit model of a tri-resonance wideband dielectric resonator antenna," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 49, No. 6, 1427-1433, 2007.
doi:10.1002/mop.22470 Google Scholar

21. Kishk, A. A., et al. "Numerical analysis of stacked dielectric resonator antennas excited by a coaxial probe for wideband applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 8, 1996. Google Scholar

22. Feresidis, A. P. and J. C. Vardaxoglou, "High gain planar antenna using optimized partially reflective surfaces," IEE Proceedings Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 148, No. 6, 345-350, Dec. 2001.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20010828 Google Scholar

23. Garcia-Vigueras, M., J. L. Gomez-Tornero, G. Goussetis, and A. R. WeilyY. J. Guo, "1D-leaky wave antenna employing parallel-plate waveguide loaded with PRS and HIS," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 10, 3687-3694, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2163756 Google Scholar

24. Zhao, T., D. R. Jackson, J. T. Williams, and A. A. Oliner, "General formulas for 2-D leaky-wave antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 53, No. 11, 3525-3533, Nov. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.856315 Google Scholar

25. Garcıa-Vigueras, M., J. L. Gomez-Tornero, G. Goussetis, D. Canete-Rebenaque, and A. Alvarez- Melcon, "Software tool for the leaky-mode analysis of waveguides loaded with frequency selective surfaces," European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Berlin, Germany, Mar. 23–27, 2009. Google Scholar

26. Kosmas, P., A. P. Feresidis, and G. Goussetis, "Periodic FDTD analysis of a 2-D leaky-wave planar antenna based on dipole frequency selective surfaces," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 7, 2006-2012, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.900233 Google Scholar

27. Caloz, C. and T. Itoh, "Array factor approach of leaky/wave antennas and application to 1-D/2-D Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) structures," EEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 14, No. 6, 274-276, Jun. 2004.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2004.828009 Google Scholar

28. Vettikalladi, H., O. Lafond, and M. Himdi, "High-efficient and high-gain superstrate antenna for 60-GHz indoor communication," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 8, 1422-1425, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2010.2040570 Google Scholar

29. Perron, A., T. A. Denidni, and A. R. Sebak, "Circularly polarized microstrip/elliptical dielectric ring resonator antenna for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 9, 783-786, Aug. 2010.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2010.2064750 Google Scholar

30. Bisharat, D. J., S. Liao, and Q. Xue, "Circularly-polarized planar aperture antenna for millimeterwave application," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 12, 5316-5324, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2015.2496116 Google Scholar

31. Guntupalli, B. and K.Wu, "60-GHz circularly polarized antenna array made in low-cost fabrication process," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 13, 86-867, May 2014. Google Scholar

Dr. Taieb Elkarkraoui

Dr. Nadir Hakem

Dr. Gilles Y. Delisle

Dr. Yacouba Coulibaly