volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

As ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, a smart recognition technology, has been gradually spreading to various applications, and several sub-1 GHz wireless technologies are being standardized and developed. As such technologies operate at a specific frequency band (902-928 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands), the impact of RF interference due to performance degradation of UHF RFID technology on the interference signal is emerging as a new obstacle. In this paper, we investigate the interference analysis and experimental results of passive UHF RFID systems in sub-1GHz wireless communications systems. By considering interference signal frequency and power, interference deployment, antenna polarization, RF system-level analysis, and experimental verification are conducted to evaluate the impact of performance degradation in the UHF RFID system on the interference signal.

1. Weyrich, M., J.-P. Schmidt, and C. Ebert, "Machine-to-machine communication," IEEE Software, Vol. 31, No. 4, 19-23, 2014.
doi:10.1109/MS.2014.87 Google Scholar

2. Tu, M., J.-H. Lin, R.-S. Chen, K.-Y. Chen, and J.-S. Jwo, "Agent-based control framework for mass customization manufacturing with UHF RIFD technology," IEEE System Journal, Vol. 3, No. 3, 343-359, 2009.
doi:10.1109/JSYST.2009.2029663 Google Scholar

3. Kim, M. and K. Kim, "Automated RFID-based identification system for steel coils," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 131, 1-17, 2012. Google Scholar

4. Paredes, F., G. Zamora, S. Zuffanelli, F. J. Herraiz-Martinez, F. Martın, and J. Bonache, "Freespace and on-metal dual-band tag for UHF-RFID applications in Europe and USA," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 141, 577-590, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER13051312 Google Scholar

5. Huang, H.-F. and B. Wang, "A reconfigurable dual-broadband circularly polarized antenna by orthgonal slot technique for RFID reader," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Lett., Vol. 68, 105-111, 2017. Google Scholar

6. Ding, K. and P. Jiang, "RFID-based production data analysis in an IoT-enabled smart job-shop," IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, Vol. PP, No. 99, 1-11, 2017 (To be published). Google Scholar

7. Lazaro, A., D. Girbau, and R. Villarino, "Effects of interferences in UHF RFID systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 98, 425-443, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09101703 Google Scholar

8. Bekkali, A., S. Zou, A. Kadri, M. Crisp, and R. V. Penty, "Performance analysis of passive UHF RFID systems under cascaded fading channels and interference effects," IEEE Trans. on Wire. Comm., Vol. 14, No. 3, 1421-1433, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TWC.2014.2366142 Google Scholar

9. Kim, D.-Y., H.-G. Yoon, B.-J. Jang, and J.-G. Yook, "Effects of reader-to-reader interference on the UHF RFID interrogation range," IEEE Trans. on Ind. Elec., Vol. 56, No. 7, 2337-2346, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TIE.2009.2012451 Google Scholar

10. Zhu, L. and T.-S. P. Yum, "A critical survey and analysis of RFID anti-collision mechanisms," IEEE Comm. Magaz., Vol. 49, No. 5, 214-221, 2011.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2011.5762820 Google Scholar

11. Khadka, G. and S.-S. Hwang, "Tag-to-tag interference suppression technique based on time division for RFID," Sensors, Vol. 17, No. 78, 1-18, 2017. Google Scholar

12. Lee, W.-S., H.-S. Tae, and J.-W. Yu, "Quadruple-feed beam-controlled antenna array for the localisations of ultra-high-frequency radio-frequency identification tags," IET Micro., Ant. & Prop., Vol. 9, No. 9, 923-932, 2015.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2014.0158 Google Scholar

13. Li, J., X. Han, H. Zhang, and W. Shi, "Suppressing multipath interference by using smart antenna for passive UHF RFID system," 2016 Int’l Conf. on Infor. Eng. and Comm. Tech. (IECT 2016), 1-6, 2016. Google Scholar

14. Krupka, L., L. Vojtech, and M. Neruda, "The issue of LPWAN technology coexistence in IoT environment," 2016 17th Int’l Conf. on Mechat. — Mechatronika (ME), 2016. Google Scholar

15. Torabi, N., K. Rostamzadeh, and V. C. M. Leung, "IEEE 802.15.4 beaconing strategy and the coexistence problem in ISM band," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1463-1472, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TSG.2014.2344038 Google Scholar

16. Samuel, S. S. I., "A review of connectivity challenges in IoT-smart home," 2016 3rd MEC Int’l Conf. on Big Data and Smart City, 2016. Google Scholar

17. Park, M., "IEEE 802.11ah: sub-1-GHz license-exempt operation for the internet of things," IEEE Comm. Magaz., Vol. 53, No. 9, 145-151, 2015.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2015.7263359 Google Scholar

18. Guerrieri, J., "RFID and EMC," IEEE Electrom. Compat. Magaz., Vol. 1, No. 3, 91-91, 2012.
doi:10.1109/MEMC.2012.6347062 Google Scholar

19. Novotny, D. R., J. R. Guerrieri, and D. G. Kuester, "Potential interference issues between FCC part 15 compliant UHF ISM emitters and equipment passing standard immunity testing requirements," IEEE Electrom. Compat. Magaz., Vol. 1, No. 3, 92-96, 2012.
doi:10.1109/MEMC.2012.6347063 Google Scholar

20. Brunner, B., F. Pfeiffer, K. Finkenzeller, E. Biebl, F. Hochstfrequenztechnik, and U. Munchen, "Impact of GSM Interference on passive UHF RFIDs," Smart Sys. Tech. 2015, Europ. Conf. on Smart Objects, Systems and Tech., 1-7, 2015. Google Scholar

21. Mattei, E., E. Lucano, F. Censi, M. Triventi, and G. Calcagnini, "Provocative testing for the assessment of the electromagnetic interference of RFID and NFC readers on implantable pacemaker," IEEE Trans. on Electrom. Comp., Vol. 58, No. 1, 314-322, 2016.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2015.2504602 Google Scholar

22. Lauridsen, M., B. Vejlgaard, I. Z. Kov´acs, H. Nguyen, and P. Mogensen, "Interference measurements in the european 868MHz ISM band with focus on LoRa and SigFox," Wire. Comm. and Netw. Conf. (WCNC 2017), 1-6, 2017. Google Scholar

23. Fu, Y., W. Hong, S. Li, and J. Zou, "Experimental study on wireless interference in RFID system," 11th Int’l Conf. on Wireless Comm., Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2015), 2015. Google Scholar

24. Souryal, M. R., D. R. Novotny, D. G. Kuester, J. R. Guerrieri, and K. A. Remley, "Impact of RF interference between a passive RFID system and a frequency hopping communications system in the 900MHz ISM band," IEEE Electrom. Compat. Magaz., Vol. 1, No. 3, 97-102, 2012.
doi:10.1109/MEMC.2012.6347064 Google Scholar

Dr. Ji-Hong Kim

Dr. Jong-Won Kwon

Dr. Jin-Yong Kim

Dr. Min-Gyo Jeong

Dr. Sang-Hyeon Bae

Prof. Wang-Sang Lee