2018-09-04
Three-Dimensional Laser Radar Range Imagery of Complex Target with Rough Surfaces
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 73, 17-24, 2018
Abstract
A backscattering model of the average signal power function (SPF) for laser radar 3D range imagery obtained using detector arrays for a complex target with rough surfaces is presented. The model relates the average power at the receiver to the laser pulse, target shape, optical scattering properties of the surface materials, angle of incidence, and other factors. The optical scattering properties of the material are characterized using the bidirectional reflectivity distribution function (BRDF). The effects of the pulse width on the resolution of the 3D range imagery are analyzed. The proposed model can be used to demonstrate 3D laser radar systems and can also be used to generate a library of model data sets for automatic target recognition (ATR) applications.
Citation
Hanlu Zhang, and Biao Wang, "Three-Dimensional Laser Radar Range Imagery of Complex Target with Rough Surfaces," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 73, 17-24, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERM18050902
References

1. Heinrichs, R. M., B. F. Aull, and R. M. Marino, "Three-dimensional laser radar with APD arrays," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4377, 106-117, 2001.
doi:10.1117/12.440098        Google Scholar

2. Marius, B. F. A., A. Albota, and D. G. Fouche, "Three-dimensional imaging laser radars with geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays," Lincoln Laboratory Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, 351-370, 2002.        Google Scholar

3. Marino, R. M., T. Stephens, and R. E. Hatch, "A compact 3D imaging laser radar system using Geiger-mode APD arrays: System and measurements," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5086, 1-15, 2003.        Google Scholar

4. Richmond, R., "Laser radar focal plane array for three-dimensional imaging," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 2748, 61-67, 1996.
doi:10.1117/12.243573        Google Scholar

5. Wang, J. and J. Kostamovaara, "Radiometric analysis and simulation of signal power function in a short-range laser radar," Appl. Opt., Vol. 33, No. 18, 4069-4076, 1994.
doi:10.1364/AO.33.004069        Google Scholar

6. Li, Y. H., Z. S. Wu, and Y. J. Gong, "Ultra-short pulse laser one-dimensional range profile of a cone," Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 2010, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.044.        Google Scholar

7. Gong, Y. J., Z. S. Wu, M. J. Wang, and Y. H. Cao, "Laser backscattering analytical model of Doppler power spectra about rotating convex quadric bodies of revolution," Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol. 48, 107-113, 2010.
doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.08.001        Google Scholar

8. Li, Y. and Z. Wu, "Targets recognition using sub-nanosecond pulse laser range profiles," Optics Express, Vol. 18, No. 16, 16788-16796, 2010.
doi:10.1364/OE.18.016788        Google Scholar

9. Nicodemus, F. E., "Reflectance nomenclature and directional reflectance and emissivity," Applied Optics, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1474-1475, 1970.
doi:10.1364/AO.9.001474        Google Scholar

10. Stover, J. C., Optical Scattering Measurement and Analysis, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1990.

11. Ove, S. and C. Tomas, "Three-dimensional laser radar modeling," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5412, 23-34, 2001.        Google Scholar

12. Zhang, H., Z. Wu, Y. Cao, and G. Zhang, "Measurement and statistical modeling of BRDF of various samples," Optica Applicata, Vol. XL, No. 1, 197-208, 2010.        Google Scholar

13. Cao, Y. and Z. Wu, "Application of particle swarm optimization algorithms to parameter optimization of BRDF model," Chinese Journal of Radio Science, Vol. 23, No. 4, 765-768, 2008.        Google Scholar

14. Shirley, L. and G. Hallerman, "Applications of tunable lasers to laser radar and 3D imaging,", Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996.        Google Scholar

15. Goodman, J. W., Speckle Phenomena in Optics: Theory and Applications, Roberts & Company, 2006.

16. Bury, E. V., "Synthesis of an object recognition system based on the profile of the envelope of a laser pulse in pulsed lidars," Quantum Electronics, Vol. 28, No. 5, 458-462, 1998.
doi:10.1070/QE1998v028n05ABEH001248        Google Scholar

17. Cho, P., H. Anderson, R. Hatch, and P. Ramaswami, "Real-time 3D ladar imaging," Lincoln Laboratory Journal, Vol. 16, No. 1, 147-164, 2006.        Google Scholar

18. Barrick, D. E., "Rough surface scattering based on the specular point theory," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 16, No. 4, 449-454, 1968.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1968.1139220        Google Scholar