volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, we present a hybrid system consisting of a novel design of a microstrip antenna that can be designed to resonate at various frequencies within the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band (e.g. 415 MHz, 905 MHz, and 1300 MHz), combined with a pair of high frequency (HF) coils (13.56 MHz). The system is designed to be fabricated on an FR4 substrate layer, and it provides a compact solution for simultaneous wireless power transfer (WPT) and multi-band wireless communication, to be utilized in implanted medical devices. The external antenna/coil combination (EX) will be located outside the body on the skin layer. The EX has 79.6 mm-diameter. The implanted hybrid combination (IM) has 31.5 mm diameter. The antenna is designed such that by varying the position of a shorting pin the resonance frequency can be switched among three frequencies; therefore, the same design can be used for various applications. The system was designed using numerical simulation tools, and then it was fabricated and measured. The design was optimized while the performance of the system was numerically simulated at various depths inside a layered body model. Furthermore, the insertion loss (S₂₁) and transmission efficiency (η) for both antenna and coil pairs at different depths were studied through simulation and measurements. The system provides a good solution for the combination of power transfer and multi-band data communication.

1. Clark, G., Cochlear Implants: Fundamentals and Applications, 2003.
doi:10.1007/b97263

2. Weiland, J. D. and M. S. Humayun, "Retinal prosthesis," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 61, No. 5, 1412-1424, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TBME.2014.2314733 Google Scholar

3. Ahmadi, M. M. and G. A. Jullien, "A wireless-implantable microsystem for continuous blood glucose monitoring," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., Vol. 3, No. 3, 169-180, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2009.2016844 Google Scholar

4. Xie, L., Y. Shi, Y. T. Hou, and A. Lou, "Wireless power transfer and applications to sensor networks," IEEE Wirel. Commun., Vol. 20, No. 4, 140-145, 2013.
doi:10.1109/MWC.2013.6590061 Google Scholar

5. Xie, L., Y. Shi, Y. T. Hou, and H. D. Sherali, "Making sensor networks immortal: An energy-renewal approach with wireless power transfer," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., 1350-1358, 2012. Google Scholar

6. Chaloupka, H., N. Klein, M. Peiniger, H. Piel, A. Pischke, and G. Splitt, "Miniaturized high-temperature superconductor microstrip patch antenna," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 39, No. 9, 1513-1521, 1991.
doi:10.1109/22.83826 Google Scholar

7. Chair, R., K. M. Luk, and K. F. Lee, "Small dual patch antenna," Electron. Lett., Vol. 35, No. 10, 762, 1999.
doi:10.1049/el:19990530 Google Scholar

8. Chiu, C. Y., C. H. Chan, and K. M. Luk, "Small dual-band antenna with folded-patch technique," IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 3, No. 1, 108-110, 2004.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2004.830025 Google Scholar

9. Yu, X., G. Li, and Z. Wang, "Design of compact 2.45 GHz microstrip antenna," 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, Vol. 1, 153-156, 2005. Google Scholar

10. Sharma, A., E. Kampianakis, and M. S. Reynolds, "A dual-band HF and UHF antenna system for implanted neural recording and stimulation devices," IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., Vol. 16, 493-496, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2016.2585650 Google Scholar

11. Institute of applied physics (IFAC), [Online], , Available: http://niremf.ifac.cnr.it/tissprop/htmlclie/htmlclie.php. Google Scholar

12. Ansys, Inc., [Online], Available: www.ansoft.com. Google Scholar

13. Thakare, V. V., P. Singhal, and K. Das, "Calculation of Microstrip antenna bandwidth using Artificial Neural Network," 2008 IEEE Int. RF Microw. Conf., 404-406, 2008.
doi:10.1109/RFM.2008.4897355 Google Scholar

14. Shadid, R. and S. Noghanian, "Hybrid power transfer and wireless antenna system design for biomedical implanted devices," ACES Conference in Denver, 2018. Google Scholar

15. Shadid, R. and S. Noghanian, "A literature survey on wireless power transfer for biomedical devices," Int. J. Antennas Propag., Vol. 2018, No. 5, 1-11, 2018.
doi:10.1155/2018/4382841 Google Scholar

16. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)," Health Phys., Vol. 75, No. 5, 535, 1998. Google Scholar

17. Yilmaz, T., R. Foster, and Y. Hao, "Broadband tissue mimicking phantoms and a patch resonator for evaluating noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose levels," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 62, No. 6, 3064-3075, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2313139 Google Scholar

Dr. Reem Shadid

Dr. Mohammad Haerinia

Dr. Sayan Roy

Dr. Sima Noghanian