volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

We propose a new approach to design multi-bit coding metasurfaces (MSs) for broadband terahertz scattering reduction. An anisotropic graphene-based element with multiple reflection phase responses is modeled using the Method of Moments combined with the Generalized Equivalent Circuit's approach (MoM-GEC). The multi-level reflection phase response is adjusted by tuning the graphene chemical potential of each cell. On the first hand, based on the coding metamaterials concept, 1-bit MS building blocks are nominated as ``0'' and ``1'' elements with opposite phase responses 0˚ and 180˚, respectively. Therefore, genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to search the optimal reflection phase matrix and determine the best coding metasurface layout. In order to validate our design strategy, 4x4, 8x8, 16x16, 32x32, and 64x64 arrays (MS) are modeled and show a great agreement with the desired low Radar cross section (RCS). On the other hand, 2-bit and 3-bit coding metasurface are then designed using two different sets of reflection phases {0, 60, 120, 180} and {0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210}, respectively.

1. Achouri, K. and C. Caloz, "Space-wave routing via surface waves using a metasurface system," Sci. Rep., Vol. 8, No. 1, 1-9, 2018. Google Scholar

2. Zhu, W., F. Xiao, M. Kang, and M. Premaratne, "Coherent perfect absorption in an all-dielectric metasurface," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 108, No. 12, 1-5, 2016. Google Scholar

3. Wu, K., P. Coquet, Q. J. Wang, and P. Genevet, "Modelling of free-form conformal metasurfaces," Nat. Commun., Vol. 9, No. 1, 1-8, 2018. Google Scholar

4. Akgol, O., E. Ünal, O. Altintas, M. Karaaslan, F. Karadag, and C. Sabah, "Design of metasurface polarization converter from linearly polarized signal to circularly polarized signal," Optik, Vol. 161, No. 10 1968, 12-19, 2018. Google Scholar

5. Deng, Z.-L. and G. Li, "Metasurface optical holography," Mater. Today Phys., Vol. 3, No. 5 9 2011, 16-32, 2017. Google Scholar

6. Jafar-Zanjani, S., S. Inampudi, and H. Mosallaei, "Adaptive genetic algorithm for optical metasurfaces design," Sci. Rep., Vol. 8, No. 1, 1-16, 2018. Google Scholar

7. Nye, N. S., A. Swisher, C. Bungay, et al. "Design of broadband anti-reflective metasurfaces based on an effective medium approach," Proc. SPIE 10181, Advanced Optics for Defense Applications: UV through LWIR II, 101810J, Anaheim, California, United States, 2017. Google Scholar

8. Pulido-Mancera, L., P. T. Bowen, M. F. Imani, et al. "Polarizability extraction of complementary metamaterial elements in waveguides for aperture modeling," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 96, No. 235402, 1-14, 2017. Google Scholar

9. Wu, K., P. Coquet, Q. J. Wang, et al. "Modelling of free-form conformal metasurfaces," Nat. Commun., Vol. 9, No. 3494, 1-8, 2018. Google Scholar

10. Cui, T. J., M. Q. Qi, X. Wan, J. Zhao, Q. Cheng, K. T. Lee, J. Y. Lee, S. Seo, L. J. Guo, Z. Zhang, Z. You, and D. Chu, "Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials," Light Sci. Appl., Vol. 3, No. 10, 1-9, 2014. Google Scholar

11. Feng, Y., K. Chen, B. Zhu, J. Zhao, T. Jiang, and L. Cui, "Coding metasurface for broadband microwave scattering reduction with optical transparency," Opt. Express., Vol. 25, No. 5, 5571-5579, 2017. Google Scholar

12. Ünal, E. and G. Altıntarla, "Smart monopole antenna with pattern and frequency reconfiguration characteristics based on programmable metasurface," Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Eng., e21805, 2019. Google Scholar

13. Baudrand, H. and D. Bajon, "Equivalent circuit representation for integral formulations of electromagnetic problems," Int. J. Numer Model Electron Networks, Devices Fields, Vol. 15, No. 1, 23-57, 2002. Google Scholar

14. Hajji, M., M. Aidi, H. Krraoui, and T. Aguili, "Hybridization of generalized Po and Mom-Gec method for electromagnetic study of complex structures: Application to reflectarrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 45, 35-49, 2016. Google Scholar

15. Aidi, M., M. Hajji, B. Hamdi, and T. Aguili, "Graphene nanoribbon modeling based on MoM-GEC method for antenna applications in the terahertz range," 2015 World Symposium on Mechatronics Engineering and Applied Physics (WSMEAP), Vol. 2, 1-4, Sousse, 2015. Google Scholar

16. Ziegler, K., "Robust transport properties in graphene," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 97, No. 26, 1-5, 2006. Google Scholar

17. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 4th Ed., John Waley and Sons, Inc., 2016.

Ms. Imen Soltani

Dr. Takoua Soltani

Dr. Taoufik Aguili