volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to miniaturize a rectangular patch antenna which resonates at 2.4 GHz. To achieve this, we present a new geometry of a pi-shaped slot with three annular rings as a Defected Ground Structure (DGS). DGS is a periodic etched structure or a periodic sequence of configurations, and it has been used to switch the resonance frequency from starting value 13 GHz to an ending value at 2.4 GHz without any changes in the areas of the actual rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA). The proposed antenna is structured on an FR-4 substrate with thickness 1.6 mm and permittivity 4.4. The general size of the ground plane is 34 × 34 mm². Using the optimal position and dimension of the pi-shaped slot on the ground, the resonant frequency is reduced to 2.4 GHz, which signifies an 81.53% decrease. Proposed antennas with and without DGS are simulated by using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and Advanced Digital System (ADS) Agilent technology, fabricated, and measured for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application.

1. Bhadouria, A. S. and M. Kumar, "Wide Ku-band microstrip patch antenna using defected patch and ground," IEEE International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology Research (ICAETR-2014), 1-2, Aug. 2014. Google Scholar

2. Chai, W., X. Zhang, and J. Liu, "A novel wideband antenna design using U-slot," Journal of Electronics (China), Vol. 25, No. 2, 192-196, 2008.
doi:10.1007/s11767-006-0171-9 Google Scholar

3. Casu, G., C. Moraru, and A. Kovacs, "Design and implementation of microstrip patch antenna array," 2014 10th International Conference on Communications (COMM), 2014. Google Scholar

4. Kaur, N., N. Sharma, and N. Singh, "A study of different feeding mechanisms in microstrip patch," International Journal of Microwaves Applications, Vol. 6, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2017. Google Scholar

5. Chitra, R. L., B. R. Karthik, and V. Nagarajan, "Double L-slot microstrip patch antenna array for WiMAX and WLAN," 2012 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, 2012. Google Scholar

6. Chitra, R. J. and V. Nagarajan, "Design of double U-slot microstrip patch antenna array for WiMAX," 2012 International Conference on Green Technologies (ICGT), 2012. Google Scholar

7. Prasad, P. C. and N. Chattoraj, "Design of compact Ku band microstrip antenna for satellite communication," International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, India, Apr. 3-5, 2013. Google Scholar

8. Dubey, S. K., S. K. Pathak, and K. K. Modh, "High gain multiple resonance Ku-band microstrip patch antenna," Applied Electromagnetic Conference (AEMC), IEEE, 2011. Google Scholar

9. Werner, D. H. and S. Gangul, "An overview of fractal antenna engineering research," IEEE Anlennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 45, No. 1, 38-57, Feb. 2003.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2003.1189650 Google Scholar

10. Dong, Y. and T. Itoh, "Metamaterial-based antennas," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 100, No. 7, 2271-2285, Jul. 2012.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2012.2187631 Google Scholar

11. Wu, Y. Q. and T. Fu, "The study on a patch antenna with PBG structure," Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, IEEE Computer Society, 2009. Google Scholar

12. Tirado-Mendez, J. A., M. A. Peyrot-Solis, H. Jardon-Aguilar, E. A. Andrade-Gonzalez, and M. Reyes-Ayala, "Applications of novel defected microstrip structure (DMS) in planar passive circuits," Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on CIRCUITS, 336-369, Vouliagmeni, Athens, Greece, Jul. 10-12, 2006. Google Scholar

13. Wei, K., J. Y. Li, L. Wang, R. Xu, and Z. J. Xing, "A new technique to design circularly polarized microstrip antenna by fractal defected ground structure," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 7, 3721-3725, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2700226 Google Scholar

14. Xie, H.-H., Y.-C. Jiao, K. Song, and B. Yang, "Miniature electromagnetic band-gap structure using spiral ground plane," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 17, 163-170, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERL10081203 Google Scholar

15. Arya, A. K., M. V. Kartikeyan, and A. Patnaik, "Efficiency enhancement of microstrip patch antennas with defected ground structure," Proceeding of International Conference on Microwave, 729-731, 2008. Google Scholar

16. Zulkifli, F. Y., E. T. Rahardjo, and D. Hartanto, "Mutual coupling reduction using dumbbell defected ground structure for multiband microstrip antenna array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 13, 29-40, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERL09102902 Google Scholar

17. Nath, S. and S. Rana, "The design and development of microstrip patch antenna using simulation studies by ADS," International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems (IJESS), Vol. 1, No. 2, 2012, ISSN No. 2231-5969. Google Scholar

18. Weng, L. H., Y. C. Guo, X. W. Shi, and X. Q. Chen, "An overview on defected ground structure," Progress In Electromagnetic Research B, Vol. 7, 173-189, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08031401 Google Scholar

19. Guha, D., S. Biswas, and Y. M. M. Antar, "Defected ground structure for microstrip antennas," Microstrip and Printed Antennas: New Trends, Techniques and Applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2011, ISBN: 978-0-470-68192-3. Google Scholar

20. Kumar, A. and K. V. Machavaram, "Microstrip filter with defected ground structure: A close perspective," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 5, No. 5, 589-602, Aug. 2013.
doi:10.1017/S1759078713000639 Google Scholar

21. Er-Rebyiy, R., J. Zbitou, M. Latrach, A. Tajmouati, A. Errkik, and L. El Abdellaoui, "New miniature planar microstrip antenna using DGS for ISM applications," TELKOMNIKA, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1149-1154, Sep. 2017.
doi:10.12928/telkomnika.v15i3.6864 Google Scholar

22. Elftouh, H., N. A. Touhami, and M. Aghoutane, "Miniaturized microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 55, 25-33, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIERC14092302 Google Scholar

23. Ghaloua, A., J. Zbitou, L. El Abdellaoui, and M. Latrach, "A miniature circular patch antenna using defected ground structure for ISM band applications," ICCWCS'17, Larache, Morocco, Nov. 14-16, 2017. Google Scholar

24. Oulhaj, O., N. A. Touhami, M. Aghoutane, and A. Tazon, "A miniature microstrip patch antenna array with defected ground structure," International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology, Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan. 2016. Google Scholar

25. Er-Rebyiy, R., J. Zbitou, A. Tajmouati, M. Latrach, A. Errkik, and L. El Abdellaoui, "A new design of a miniature microstrip patch antenna using defected ground structure DGS," 2017 International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS), IEEE, 2017. Google Scholar

26. Er-Rebyiy, R., J. Zbitou, M. Latrach, A. Tajmouati, A. Errkik, and L. El Abdellaoui, "A novel design of a miniature low cost planar antenna for ISM band applications," ICCWCS'17, Larache, Morocco, Nov. 14-16, 2017. Google Scholar

27. Ghaloua, A., J. Zbitou, M. Latrach, and A. Tajmouati, "A novel configuration of a miniature printed antenna array based on defected ground structure," International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, Vol. 12, No. 1, 211-220, 2019.
doi:10.22266/ijies2019.0228.21 Google Scholar

28. Elftouh, H., N. A. Touhami, and M. Aghoutane, "Miniaturized microstrip patch antenna with spiral defected microstrip structure," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 53, 37-44, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERL15031003 Google Scholar

29. Huang, Y. and K. Boyle, Antennas from Theory to Practice, A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication, 2008.

30. Bahl, I. J. and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas Dedham, Artech House, 1980.

31. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., Wiley, 2005.

Dr. Kakani Suvarna

Prof. Nallagarla Ramamurthy

Dr. Dupakuntla Vishnu Vardhan