volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The demand for high data rate, good channel capacity, and reliability is always the primary area of concern in the modern era of wireless communication systems. The 5G standards have the fortitude to bring about rapid data transfer speeds, instantaneous connectivity, large data capacities, and minimal latency. In this paper, a novel quadrangular slotted defected ground structure (QSDGS) that incorporates a microstrip wide band antenna (WMA) was proposed for 5G n46/n47/n79 and n102 band applications. The DGS was represented on the ground plane by four rectangular looped slots. An inset feeding technique was employed on this slotted patch antenna. This DGS loaded patch antenna structure was mounted on an RT Duriod 5880 (ε_r = 2.2, loss tangent = 0.0009) with dimensions of 33 x 29 x 1.5 mm³ (0.44λ x 0.38λ x 0.02λ, where `λ' is calculated at lowest operating wavelength). This embedded antenna radiating structure resonated in a wide band ranging from 4.03 GHz to 6.32 GHz giving an impedance bandwidth of 2.3 GHz (50%), with a centre frequency of 4.44 GHz. The maximum gain was 4.7 dBi, and greater than 75% efficiency was obtained over the wide band. From the results extracted from the proposed antenna, it was found that the antenna was capable of covering the 5G NR n46/n47/n79 and n102 bands with significant bandwidth, gain, and efficiency. Thus, the antenna can be considered a potential contender for 5G mid-band wireless communication systems.

1. Attaran, M., "The impact of 5G on the evolution of intelligent automation and industry digitization," Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 2021. Google Scholar

2. Cao, Y., K.-S. Chin, W. Che, W. Yang, and E. S. Li, "A compact 38 GHz multibeam antenna array with multifolded Butler matrix for 5G applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2996-2999, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2757045 Google Scholar

3. Al-Gburi, A. J., Z. Zakaria, H. Alsariera, et al. "Broadband circular polarised printed antennas for indoor wireless communication systems: A comprehensive review," Micromachines, Vol. 13, No. 7, 1048, 2022.
doi:10.3390/mi13071048 Google Scholar

4. Ikram, M., E. A. Abbas, N. Nguyen-Trong, K. H. Sayidmarie, and A. Abbosh, "Integrated frequency-reconfigurable slot antenna and connected slot antenna array for 4G and 5G mobile handsets," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 12, 7225-7233, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2930119 Google Scholar

5. Shafi, M., A. F. Molisch, P. J. Smith, et al. "5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 35, No. 6, 1201-1221, 2017.
doi:10.1109/JSAC.2017.2692307 Google Scholar

6. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley and Sons, 2016.

7. Zahid, M. N., Z. Gaofeng, S. H. Kiani, et al. "H-shaped eight-element dual-band MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G smartphone applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 85619-85629, 2022.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3189658 Google Scholar

8. Abdelghany, M. A., M. Fathy Abo Sree, A. Desai, and A. A. Ibrahim, "Gain improvement of a dual-band CPW monopole antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications using AMC structures," Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 14, 2211, 2022.
doi:10.3390/electronics11142211 Google Scholar

9. Abd, A. K., J. M. Rasool, Z.-A. S. Rahman, and Y. I. Al-Yasir, "Design and analysis of novel reconfigurable monopole antenna using DIP switch and covering 5G-sub-6-GHz and C-band applications," Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 20, 3368, 2022.
doi:10.3390/electronics11203368 Google Scholar

10. Kapoor, A., R. Mishra, and P. Kumar, "Wideband miniaturized patch radiator for sub-6 GHz 5G devices," Heliyon, Vol. 7, No. 9, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07931 Google Scholar

11. Azim, R., A. K. M. M. H. Meaze, A. Affandi, et al. "A multi-slotted antenna for LTE/5G sub-6 GHz wireless communication applications," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 13, No. 5, 486-496, 2020.
doi:10.1017/S1759078720001336 Google Scholar

12. Arya, A. K., S. J. Kim, and S. Kim, "A dual-band antenna for LTE-R and 5G lower frequency operations," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 88, 113-119, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERL19081502 Google Scholar

13. Tran, H. H. and H. C. Park, "Gain and bandwidth enhancements of sequential-fed circularly polarized patch antenna array using multiple parasitic elements," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 9, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mmce.22319 Google Scholar

14. Rafique, U., S. Khan, M. M. Ahmed, et al. "Uni-planar MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G mobile phone applications," Applied Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 8, 3746, 2022.
doi:10.3390/app12083746 Google Scholar

15. Zulkifli, F. Y., E. T. Rahardjo, and D. Hartanto, "Radiation properties enhancement of triangular patch microstrip antenna array using hexagonal defected ground structure," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 5, 101-109, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERM08101601 Google Scholar

16. Khandelwal, M. K., B. K. Kanaujia, and S. Kumar, "Defected ground structure: Fundamentals, analysis, and applications in modern wireless trends," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2017, 1-22, 2017.
doi:10.1155/2017/2018527 Google Scholar

17. Krishnamoorthy, R., A. Desai, R. Patel, and A. Grover, "4 element compact triple band MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications," Wireless Networks, Vol. 27, No. 6, 3747-3759, 2021.
doi:10.1007/s11276-021-02734-8 Google Scholar

18. Paul, L. C., H. K. Saha, T. Rani, et al. "An omni-directional wideband patch antenna with parasitic elements for sub-6 GHz band applications," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2022, 1-11, 2022.
doi:10.1155/2022/9645280 Google Scholar

19. Nelaturi, S., "ENGTL based antenna for Wi-Fi and 5G," Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Vol. 107, No. 1, 165-170, 2021.
doi:10.1007/s10470-020-01766-y Google Scholar

20. Kapoor, A., R. Mishra, and P. Kumar, "Compact wideband-printed antenna for sub-6 GHz fifth-generation applications," International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1-10, 2020.
doi:10.21307/ijssis-2020-033 Google Scholar

21. Desai, A., T. Upadhyaya, J. Patel, R. Patel, and M. Palandoken, "Flexible CPW fed transparent antenna for WLAN and sub-6 GHz 5G applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 5, 2090-2103, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mop.32287 Google Scholar

22. Huang, B., W. Lin, J. Huang, et al. "A patch/dipole hybrid-mode antenna for sub-6 GHz communication," Sensors, Vol. 19, No. 6, 1358, 2019.
doi:10.3390/s19061358 Google Scholar

23. Yu, Z., L. Huang, Q. Gao, and B. He, "A compact dual-band wideband circularly polarized microstrip antenna for sub-6G application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 100, 99-107, 2021.
doi:10.2528/PIERL21082702 Google Scholar

24. Ramachandran, A., S. Mathew, V. Rajan, and V. Kesavath, "A compact triband quad-element MIMO antenna using SRR ring for high isolation," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 1409-1412, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2016.2640305 Google Scholar

25. Singh, H., N. Mittal, A. Gupta, et al. "Metamaterial integrated folded dipole antenna with low SAR for 4G, 5G and Nb-IOT applications," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 21, 2612, 2021.
doi:10.3390/electronics10212612 Google Scholar

26. Swetha, R. and A. Lokam, "Novel design and characterization of wide band hook shaped aperture coupled circularly polarized antenna for 5G application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 113, 161-175, 2021.
doi:10.2528/PIERC21040202 Google Scholar

27. Al-Yasir, Y., A. Abdullah, N. Ojaroudi Parchin, R. Abd-Alhameed, and J. Noras, "A new polarization-reconfigurable antenna for 5G applications," Electronics, Vol. 7, No. 11, 293, 2018.
doi:10.3390/electronics7110293 Google Scholar

28. Jin, G., C. Deng, J. Yang, Y. Xu, and S. Liao, "A new differentially-fed frequency reconfigurable antenna for WLAN and sub-6 GHz 5G applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 56539-56546, 2019.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2901760 Google Scholar

29. Zhao, L., Z.-M. Chen, and J. Wang, "A wideband dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna for 5G/WLAN," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 14266-14272, 2019.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2893941 Google Scholar

Dr. Idrish Shaik

Prof. Sahukara Krishna Veni