volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In the present era of wireless communication networks, the key area of concern is always the need for faster data rates to meet the growing requirements. The 5G standards have the fortitude to bring about rapid data transfer speeds, instantaneous connectivity, large data capacities, and minimal latency. In this paper, a novel octal patch integrated with a bow-tie parasitic antenna element with full ground plane that incorporates a microstrip dual band antenna was proposed for 5G n257/n261/n259 and n260 band applications. This bow-tie parasitic antenna element integrated octal patch single and MIMO antenna structure was mounted on an RT Duriod 5880 (ε_r = 2.2, loss tangent = 0.0009) with dimensions of 7.5 x 9.9 x 0.9 mm³ and 7.5 x 19.8 x 0.9 mm³ (0.67λ x 1.75λ x 0.07λ, where λ is considered at the lowest operating tuned frequency). A decoupling element was precisely placed in the core of a two-element MIMO antenna to reduce the mutual coupling. This embedded antenna radiating structure resonated in dual bands ranging 26.69-29.55 GHz and 38.24-42.53 GHz with a center frequency of 28 GHz and 40.2 GHz, respectively. This achieves a bandwidth of 2.85 GHz (10.3%) and 4.29 GHz (10.75%) at the dual bands. The maximum gains were 7.9 dBi and 6.97 dBi, and greater than 92% efficiency was obtained over the dual-band. From the results extracted from the proposed antenna, it was found that the antenna is capable of covering the 5G NR n257/n261/n259 and n260 bands with significant bandwidth, gain, isolation, ECC, DG, TARC, Multiplexing Efficiency, CCL MEG, and radiation efficiency. Thus, the antenna can be considered a potential contender for 5G millimeter wave wireless communication systems.

1. Andrews, J. G., S. Buzzi, W. Choi, et al. "What will 5G be?," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 32, No. 6, 1065-1082, 2014.
doi:10.1109/JSAC.2014.2328098 Google Scholar

2. Rappaport, T. S., S. Sun, R. Mayzus, et al. "Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!," IEEE Access, Vol. 1, 335-349, 2013.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813 Google Scholar

3. Attaran, M., "The impact of 5G on the evolution of intelligent automation and industry digitization," J. Ambient Intel. Human Computer, 2021. Google Scholar

4. Cao, Y., K. S. Chin, W. Che, W. Yang, and E. S. Li, "A compact 38 GHz multibeam antenna array with multifolded butler matrix for 5G applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2996-2999, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2757045 Google Scholar

5. Al-Gburi, A. J. A., Z. Zakaria, H. Alsariera, M. F. Akbar, I. M. Ibrahim, K. S. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, and S. S. Al-Bawri, "Broadband circular polarised printed antennas for indoor wireless communication systems: A comprehensive review," Micromachines, 2022. Google Scholar

6. Ikram, M., E. A. Abbas, N. Nguyen-Trong, K. H. Sayidmarie, and A. Abbosh, "Integrated frequency-reconfigurable slot antenna and connected slot antenna array for 4G and 5G mobile handsets," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 12, 7225-7233, Dec. 2019.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2930119 Google Scholar

7. Shafi, M., A. F. Molisch, P. J. Smith, et al. "5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 35, No. 6, 1201-1221, Jun. 2017.
doi:10.1109/JSAC.2017.2692307 Google Scholar

8. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley and Sons, 1997.

9. Shayea, I., T. A. Rahman, M. H. Azmi, and M. R. Islam, "Real measurement study for rain rate and rain attenuation conducted over 26 GHz microwave 5G link system in Malaysia," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 19044-19064, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2810855 Google Scholar

10. Sethi, W. T., M. A. Ashraf, A. Ragheb, A. Alasaad, and S. A. Alshebeili, "Demonstration of millimeter wave 5G setup employing high-gain Vivaldi array," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 1-12, 2018.
doi:10.1155/2018/3927153 Google Scholar

11. Jilani, S. F. and A. Alomainy, "A multiband millimeter-wave 2-D array based on enhanced Franklin antenna for 5G wireless systems," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 2983-2986, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2017.2756560 Google Scholar

12. Jeong, M. J., N. Hussain, J. W. Park, S. G. Park, S. Y. Rhee, and N. Kim, "Millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna using vertifically coupled split ring metaplate for gain enhancement," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 61, No. 10, 2360-2365, 2019.
doi:10.1002/mop.31908 Google Scholar

13. Ali, M. M. M. and A.-R. Sebak, "Dual band (28/38 GHz) CPW slot directive antenna for future 5G cellular applications," 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2016. Google Scholar

14. Przesmycki, R., M. Bugaj, and L. Nowosielski, "Broadband microstrip antenna for 5G wireless systems operating at 28 GHz," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1, 2020.
doi:10.3390/electronics10010001 Google Scholar

15. Hussain, M., S. M. R. Jarchavi, S. I. Naqvi, U. Gulzar, S. Khan, M. Alibakhshikenari, and I. Huynen, "Design and fabrication of a printed tri-band antenna for 5G applications operating across Ka-, and V-band spectrums," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 21, 2674, 2021.
doi:10.3390/electronics10212674 Google Scholar

16. Marzouk, H. M., M. I. Ahmed, and A. H. A. Shaalan, "Novel dual-band 28/38 GHz MIMO antennas for 5G mobile applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 93, 103-117, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC19032303 Google Scholar

17. Farahat, A. E. and K. F. A. Hussein, "28/38 GHz dual-band Yagi-Uda antenna with corrugated radiator and enhanced reflectors for 5G MIMO antenna systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 101, 159-172, 2020.
doi:10.2528/PIERC20022603 Google Scholar

18. El Hadri, D., A. Zakriti, A. Zugari, M. El Ouahabi, and J. El Aoufi, "High isolation and ideal correlation using spatial diversity in a compact MIMO antenna for fifth-generation applications," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 1-10, 2020.
doi:10.1155/2020/2740920 Google Scholar

19. Zahid, M. N., Z. Gaofeng, S. H. Kiani, et al. "H-shaped eight-element dual-band MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G smartphone applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 85619-85629, 2022.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3189658 Google Scholar

20. Yon, H., N. H. A. Rahman, M. A. Aris, M. H. Jamaluddin, I. K. C. Lin, H. Jumaat, F. N. M. Redzwan, and Y. Yamada, "Development of C-shaped parasitic MIMO antennas for mutual coupling reduction," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 19, 2431, 2021.
doi:10.3390/electronics10192431 Google Scholar

21. Alanazi, M. D. and S. K. Khamas, "A compact dual band MIMO dielectric resonator antenna with improved performance for mm-Wave applications," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 13, 5056, 2022.
doi:10.3390/s22135056 Google Scholar

22. Awan, W. A., M. Soruri, M. Alibakhshikenari, and E. Limiti, "On-demand frequency switchable antenna array operating at 24.8 and 28 GHz for 5G high-gain sensors applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 108, 163-173, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERM21121102 Google Scholar

23. Farahat, A. E. and K. F. A. Hussein, "Dual-band (28/38 GHz) wideband MIMO antenna for 5G mobile applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 32213-32223, 2022.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3160724 Google Scholar

24. Hasan, M. N., S. Bashir, and S. Chu, "Dual band omnidirectional millimeter wave antenna for 5G communications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 33, No. 12, 1581-1590, 2019.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2019.1617790 Google Scholar

25. Ali, W., S. Das, H. Medkour, and S. Lakrit, "Planar dual-band 27/39 GHz millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for 5G applications," Microsyst. Technol., Vol. 27, No. 1, 283-292, 2021.
doi:10.1007/s00542-020-04951-1 Google Scholar

26. Venkateswara Rao, M., B. T. P. Madhav, J. Krishna, Y. Usha Devi, T. Anilkumar, and B. Prudhvi Nadh, "CSRR-loaded T-shaped MIMO antenna for 5G cellular networks and vehicular communications," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, e21799, 2019. Google Scholar

27. Marzouk, H. M., M. I. Ahmed, and A. H. A. Shaalan, "Novel dual-band 28/38 GHz MIMO antennas for 5G mobile applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 93, 103-117, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC19032303 Google Scholar

28. Khattak, M. I., A. Sohail, U. Khan, Z. Barki, and G. Witjaksono, "Elliptical slot circular patch antenna array with dual band behavior for future 5G mobile communication networks," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 89, 133-147, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC18101401 Google Scholar

29. Bilal, M., S. I. Naqvi, N. Hussain, Y. Amin, and N. Kim, "High-isolation MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter-wave communication systems," Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 6, 962, 2022.
doi:10.3390/electronics11060962 Google Scholar

30. El Hadri, D., A. Zugari, and A. Zakriti, "Extra wide band MIMO antenna with high isolation and low correlation at 38 GHz mm-Wave frequency band for 5G applications," E3S Web Conference, 35101076, 2022. Google Scholar

31. Hussain, M., W. A. Awan, E. M. Ali, M. S. Alzaidi, M. Alsharef, D. H. Elkamchouchi, A. Alzahrani, and M. F. Abo Sree, "Isolation improvement of parasitic element-loaded dual-band MIMO antenna for mm-Wave applications," Micromachines, Vol. 13, 1918, 2022.
doi:10.3390/mi13111918 Google Scholar

32. Sehrai, D. A., M. Asif, J. Khan, M. Abdullah, W. A. Shah, S. Alotaibi, and N. Ullah, "A high-gain and wideband MIMO antenna for 5G mm-Wave-based IoT communication networks," Appl. Sci., Vol. 12, 9530, 2022.
doi:10.3390/app12199530 Google Scholar

33. Hussain, N., W. A. Awan, W. Ali, S. I. Naqvi, A. Zaidi, and T. T. Le, "Compact wideband patch antenna and its MIMO configuration for 28 GHz applications," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 132, 153612, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153612 Google Scholar

34. Khalid, M., S. I. Naqvi, N. Hussain, M. U. Rahman, and Y. Amin, "4-port MIMO antenna with defected ground structure for 5G millimeter wave applications," Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 1, 71, 2020.
doi:10.3390/electronics9010071 Google Scholar

35. Blanch, S., J. Romeu, and I. Corbella, "Exact representation of antenna system diversity performance from input parameter description," Electronics Letters, Vol. 39, No. 7, 705, 2003.
doi:10.1049/el:20030495 Google Scholar

36. Sharawi, M., Printed MIMO Antenna Engineering, Artech House, 2014, ISBN 9781608076819.

Dr. Idrish Shaik

Prof. Sahukara Krishna Veni