volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

An optimal blend of relatively high frequency and effective atmospheric penetration renders the X-band a versatile selection for a wide range of applications. Hence, metamaterial absorber and frequency selective surface (FSS) as a band-stop filter and shielding element play a significant role in X-band. This article proposes a cost-effective, wide oblique and polarization-insensitive metamaterial, whose applications as an absorber and FSS having band-stop characteristics for X-band are explained. The isotropic unit cell of the proposed metamaterial is designed by an array of two subunit cells, where one is the 90˚ rotated version of the other with diagonal symmetry. Equivalent circuits of both subunit cells and array structure are systematically designed and analyzed, which provides scope for future modification according to the required frequencies. The proposed absorber provides three absorption peaks and absorptivity of more than 90% up to 60˚ oblique incidence angle. A good agreement between experimentally measured and simulated results is observed. For the use of the structure as FSS, it has been optimized to provide band-stop characteristics precisely for the X-band up to a wide oblique incidence angle. The proposed design can be used as an absorber, band-stop filter, reflector, and shielding element for the X-band.

1. Engheta, Nader and Richard W. Ziolkowski, Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
doi:10.1002/0471784192

2. Landy, N. I., S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, "Perfect metamaterial absorber," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, No. 20, 207402, 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.207402 Google Scholar

3. Costa, Filippo, Simone Genovesi, Agostino Monorchio, and Giuliano Manara, "A circuit-based model for the interpretation of perfect metamaterial absorbers," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 3, 1201-1209, 2012. Google Scholar

4. Wang, Jiayun, Rongcao Yang, Jinping Tian, Xinwei Chen, and Wenmei Zhang, "A dual-band absorber with wide-angle and polarization insensitivity," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 7, 1242-1246, 2018. Google Scholar

5. Zhai, Huiqing, Chuanhan Zhan, Zhenhua Li, and Changhong Liang, "A triple-band ultrathin metamaterial absorber with wide-angle and polarization stability," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 241-244, 2014. Google Scholar

6. Binda, Pankaj, Raghvenda Kumar Singh, and Rajendra Mitharwal, "An ultra-thin, polarization free wide-angle stable quad-band metamaterial absorber for applications in C, X, and Ku bands," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 171, 154925, 2023. Google Scholar

7. Routray, Punyatoya and Debalina Ghosh, "Wide oblique incidence insensitive ultra-thin dual-band metamaterial absorber," 2023 International Conference on Microwave, Optical, and Communication Engineering (ICMOCE), 1-5, 2023.

8. Wu, Ting, Yan-Ming Ma, Juan Chen, and Li-Li Wang, "A low profile quadruple-band polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 90, 69-79, 2020. Google Scholar

9. Bathani, Nitinkumar J. and Jagdishkumar Rathod, "Analysis of conformal quad band metamaterial absorber design on planar and cylindrical surface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 103, 37-47, 2021. Google Scholar

10. Routray, Punyatoya and Debalina Ghosh, "Design and modeling of a miniaturized multi-layer metamaterial absorber with oblique angle and polarization insensitivity," IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications, Vol. 6, No. 1, 29-34, 2024. Google Scholar

11. Jiang, Zhi Hao, Seokho Yun, Fatima Toor, Douglas H. Werner, and Theresa S. Mayer, "Conformal dual-band near-perfectly absorbing mid-infrared metamaterial coating," ACS Nano, Vol. 5, No. 6, 4641-4647, 2011. Google Scholar

12. Tao, Hu, C. M. Bingham, A. C. Strikwerda, D. Pilon, David Shrekenhamer, N. I. Landy, Kebin Fan, Xin Zhang, W. J. Padilla, and R. D. Averitt, "Highly flexible wide angle of incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber: Design, fabrication, and characterization," Physical Review B, Vol. 78, No. 24, 241103, 2008. Google Scholar

13. Zuo, Weiqing, Yang Yang, Xiaoxiang He, Dawei Zhan, and Qifan Zhang, "A miniaturized metamaterial absorber for ultrahigh-frequency RFID system," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 329-332, 2016. Google Scholar

14. Routray, Punyatoya and Debalina Ghosh, "Quadruple polarization insensitive multilayered metamaterial absorber," 2022 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), 1-4, IEEE, 2022.

15. Ghosh, Saptarshi, Somak Bhattacharyya, Devkinandan Chaurasiya, and Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava, "An ultrawideband ultrathin metamaterial absorber based on circular split rings," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 1172-1175, 2015. Google Scholar

16. Routray, Punyatoya and Debalina Ghosh, "Analysis of a wideband hybrid metamaterial as an absorber vis-a-vis a polarizer," 2022 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON), 101-105, IEEE, 2022.

17. Ahmed, Fahad, Tayyab Hassan, and Nosherwan Shoaib, "Comments on ``An ultrawideband ultrathin metamaterial absorber based on circular split rings''," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 3, 512-514, 2020.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2007.913556 Google Scholar

18. Rajyalakshmi, Goriparthi, Yeda Ravi Kumar, Dasari Ramakrishna, and Kumbha Sambasiva Rao, "Angle independent metamaterial absorber for S and C band application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 130, 241-254, 2023. Google Scholar

19. Pan, Wu, Xuan Yu, Jun Zhang, and Wei Zeng, "A novel design of broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber based on nested circle rings," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 28, No. 21, 2335-2338, 2016. Google Scholar

20. Qi, Limei and Chang Liu, "Broadband multilayer graphene metamaterial absorbers," Optical Materials Express, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1298-1309, 2019. Google Scholar

21. Zuo, Weiqing, Yang Yang, Xiaoxiang He, Chenyang Mao, and Ting Liu, "An ultrawideband miniaturized metamaterial absorber in the ultrahigh-frequency range," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 928-931, 2016. Google Scholar

22. Shi, Ting, Lei Jin, Lei Han, Ming-Chun Tang, He-Xiu Xu, and Cheng-Wei Qiu, "Dispersion-engineered, broadband, wide-angle, polarization-independent microwave metamaterial absorber," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 1, 229-238, 2020. Google Scholar

23. Li, Si-Jia, Xiang-Yu Cao, Jun Gao, Tao Liu, Yue-Jun Zheng, and Zhao Zhang, "Analysis and design of three-layer perfect metamaterial-inspired absorber based on double split-serration-rings structure," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 11, 5155-5160, 2015. Google Scholar

24. Ebrahimi, Amir, Shruti Nirantar, Withawat Withayachumnankul, Madhu Bhaskaran, Sharath Sriram, Said F. Al-Sarawi, and Derek Abbott, "Second-order terahertz bandpass frequency selective surface with miniaturized elements," IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 5, 761-769, 2015. Google Scholar

25. Bhattacharyya, Somak, Saptarshi Ghosh, and Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava, "Equivalent circuit model of an ultra-thin polarization-independent triple band metamaterial absorber," AIP Advances, Vol. 4, No. 9, 097127, 2014. Google Scholar

26. Moallem, Meysam and Kamal Sarabandi, "Miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces for millimeter-wave to terahertz applications," IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 3, 333-339, 2012. Google Scholar

27. Rosa, E. B. and F. W. Grover, "Formulas and tables for the calculation of mutual and self-inductance," Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1/2, 14-16, 1911. Google Scholar

28. Kurra, Lalithendra, Mahesh P. Abegaonkar, and Shiban K. Koul, "Equivalent circuit model of resonant-EBG bandstop filter," IETE Journal of Research, Vol. 62, No. 1, 17-26, 2016. Google Scholar

29. Singh, Amit Kumar, Mahesh P. Abegaonkar, and Shiban K. Koul, "Dual- and triple-band polarization insensitive ultrathin conformal metamaterial absorbers with wide angular stability," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 61, No. 3, 878-886, 2018. Google Scholar

30. Smythe, William B., Static and Dynamic Electricity, Hemisphere Publishing, New York, NY (USA), 1988.

31. Bayatpur, Farhad, "Metamaterial-inspired frequency-selective surfaces," University of Michigan, 2009.

32. Ghosh, Saptarshi and Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava, "An equivalent circuit model of FSS-based metamaterial absorber using coupled line theory," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 511-514, 2014. Google Scholar

33. Tak, Jinpil and Jaehoon Choi, "A wearable metamaterial microwave absorber," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 784-787, 2016. Google Scholar

34. Hannan, Saif, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Norsuzlin Mohd Sahar, Kamarulzaman Mat, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury, and Hatem Rmili, "Modified-segmented split-ring based polarization and angle-insensitive multi-band metamaterial absorber for X, Ku and K band applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 144051-144063, 2020. Google Scholar

35. Singh, Raghvenda Kumar and Ashish Gupta, "A wrenched-square shaped polarization independent and wide angle stable ultra-thin metamaterial absorber for S-band, X-band and Ku-band applications," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 132, 153648, 2021. Google Scholar

36. Bashiri, Maryam, Changiz Ghobadi, Javad Nourinia, and Maryam Majidzadeh, "WiMAX, WLAN, and X-band filtering mechanism: Simple-structured triple-band frequency selective surface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 3245-3248, 2017. Google Scholar

Ms. Punyatoya Routray

Dr. Debalina Ghosh