volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In the design of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicles, minimizing magnetic leakage while maintaining high transmission efficiency is a challenging problem. To this end, a novel structure featuring dual transmitting coils and a ring-series magnetic shielding coil (RMSDT) is proposed to reduce magnetic leakage during system charging, thereby enhancing system safety performance. Additionally, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize system parameters, aiming to achieve high transmission efficiency while maintaining low magnetic leakage. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed design, a shielded WPT system for electric vehicles has been developed. Its performance is verified through a combination of experiments and simulations. The results demonstrate that the PSO algorithm significantly enhances transmission efficiency compared to traditional optimization methods. At an output power of 3.7 kW, the peak transmission efficiency exceeds 95%, representing an improvement of 4.63% compared to the conventional for-loop algorithm. Furthermore, the leakage magnetic field of the RMSDT structure in the target region is only 16.08 μT, which is effectively reduced by 41.8% compared to the conventional WPT structure and sacrifices only 0.21% transmission efficiency. In summary, this paper can provide some references to the safety and efficiency of electric vehicle WPT.

1. Dou, R. T., X. Zhang, Yongjian Li, et al. "Review on the application development and research of electromagnetic shielding of magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system," Proceedings of the CSEE, Vol. 43, No. 15, 6020-6040, 2023. Google Scholar

2. Yu, Zu, Wenxun Xiao, Bo Zhang, and Dongyuan Qiu, "Development status of electric-field coupled wireless power transmission technology," Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 37, 1051-1069, 2022. Google Scholar

3. Su, Y., Xueying Wu, Y. Zhao, et al. "Parameter optimization of electric-field coupled wireless power transfer system with complementary symmetric LCC resonant network," Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 34, 2874-2883, 2019. Google Scholar

4. Zhang, B., X. Shu, L. H. Wu, and C. Rong, "Problems of wireless power transmission technology urgent to be solved and corresponding counter measures," Automation of Electric Power Systems, Vol. 43, 1-12, 2019. Google Scholar

5. Zhao, Zhengming, Yiming Zhang, and Kainan Chen, "New progress of magnetically-coupled resonant wireless power transfer technology," Proceedings of the CSEE, Vol. 33, No. 3, 1-13, 2013. Google Scholar

6. Brown, William C., "The history of power transmission by radio waves," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 32, No. 9, 1230-1242, 1984. Google Scholar

7. Huang, Xueliang, Linlin Tan, Zhong Chen, Hao Qiang, Yalong Zhou, Wei Wang, and Weijie Cao, "Review and research progress on wireless power transfer technology," Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 28, No. 10, 1-11, 2013. Google Scholar

8. Su, L. and Chuan Zhou, "Review on the application development and research of electromagnetic shielding of magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system," World SCI-TECH R&D, Vol. 35, 177-180, 2013. Google Scholar

9. Zhang, Jian-Hua, Xue-Liang Huang, Yu-Wei Zou, and Yang Bai, "Feasibility of ultrasonic wireless power transmission," Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, Vol. 30, 66-69, 2011. Google Scholar

10. He, Xiangrui, Yingqin Zeng, Renzhe Liu, Conghui Lu, Cancan Rong, and Minghai Liu, "A dual-band coil array with novel high-order circuit compensation for shielding design in EV wireless charging system," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 71, No. 3, 2545-2555, 2024. Google Scholar

11. Ge, H. and Jun Qiu, "Research on improvement of anti-misalignment characteristics of static wireless charging system for electric vehicles based on relay coil," Journal of Power Supply, Vol. 21, 35-42, 2023. Google Scholar

12. Wu, Lihao and Bo Zhang, "Overview of static wireless charging technology for electric vehicles: Part I," Tansactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 35, No. 6, 1153-1165, 2020. Google Scholar

13. Yang, Qingxin, Haiyan Chen, Guizhi Xu, Mingui Sun, and Weinong Fu, "Research progress in contactless power transmission technology," Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 25, No. 7, 6-13, 2010. Google Scholar

14. Campi, Tommaso, Silvano Cruciani, Valerio De Santis, and Mauro Feliziani, "EMF safety and thermal aspects in a pacemaker equipped with a wireless power transfer system working at low frequency," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 64, No. 2, 375-382, 2016. Google Scholar

15. Dickinson, Richard M., "Safety issues in SPS wireless power transmission," Space Policy, Vol. 16, No. 2, 117-122, 2000. Google Scholar

16. Kurs, Andre, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, John D. Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher, and Marin Soljacic, "Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances," Science, Vol. 317, No. 5834, 83-86, 2007.
doi:10.1126/science.1143254 Google Scholar

17. Hirayama, H., T. Amano, N. Kikuma, and K. Sakakibara, "A consideration of open- and short-end type helical antennas for magnetic-coupled resonant wireless power transfer," 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Prague, Czech Republic, May 2012.

18. Jeong, Seungtaek, Dong-Hyun Kim, Jinwook Song, Hongseok Kim, Seongsoo Lee, Chiuk Song, Jaehak Lee, Junyeop Song, and Joungho Kim, "Smartwatch strap wireless power transfer system with flexible PCB coil and shielding material," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 66, No. 5, 4054-4064, 2019. Google Scholar

19. Kim, Jedok, Jangyong Ahn, Sungryul Huh, Kibeom Kim, and Seungyoung Ahn, "A coil design and control method of independent active shielding system for leakage magnetic field reduction of wireless UAV charger," IEICE Transactions on Communications, Vol. E103-B, No. 9, 889-898, 2020. Google Scholar

20. Ahn, Jangyong, Jedok Kim, Dongryul Park, Haerim Kim, and Seungyoung Ahn, "An active shielding control method for a wireless power transfer system under misalignment conditions," Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, Vol. 22, No. 1, 56-63, 2022.
doi:10.26866/jees.2022.1.r.61 Google Scholar

21. Shen, D., G. P. Du, D. Y. Qiu, and B. Zhang, "Research status and development trend of electromagnetic compatibility of wireless power transmission system," Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 35, 2855-2869, 2020. Google Scholar

22. Chen, C., X. Huang, L. Tan, F. Wen, and W. Wang, "Electromagnetic environment and security evaluation for wireless charging of electric vehicles," Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 30, No. 19, 61-67, 2015. Google Scholar

23. Zhang, Xueyi, Bin Li, Liquan Ren, Pengsheng Kong, and Zhongqi Li, "Calculation and optimization of magnetic leakage in electric vehicle WPT based on bidirectional inverse series coils of four meshes," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 123, 105-117, 2024.
doi:10.2528/PIERM23102201 Google Scholar

24. Zhang, Xueyi, Liquan Ren, Pengsheng Kong, Xinbo Xiong, and Zhongqi Li, "Study of a double-layer passive magnetic shielding system for electric vehicle WPT," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 137, 65-79, 2023. Google Scholar

25. Mohammad, Mostak, Eshet Tezera Wodajo, Seungdeog Choi, and Malik E. Elbuluk, "Modeling and design of passive shield to limit EMF emission and to minimize shield loss in unipolar wireless charging system for EV," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, No. 12, 12235-12245, 2019. Google Scholar

26. Lee, Seongsoo, Dong-Hyun Kim, Yeonje Cho, Hongseok Kim, Chiuk Song, Seungtaek Jeong, Jinwook Song, Gyeyoung Park, Seokwoo Hong, Junyong Park, et al. "Low leakage electromagnetic field level and high efficiency using a novel hybrid loop-array design for wireless high power transfer system," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 66, No. 6, 4356-4367, 2019. Google Scholar

27. Campi, Tommaso, Silvano Cruciani, Francescaromana Maradei, and Mauro Feliziani, "Magnetic field mitigation by multicoil active shielding in electric vehicles equipped with wireless power charging system," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 62, No. 4, 1398-1405, 2020. Google Scholar

28. Huh, Sungryul, Jaehyoung Park, Seonghun Lee, Kyunghwan Kim, Seongho Woo, Changmin Lee, Jaewon Rhee, Seokhyeon Son, and Seungyoung Ahn, "Design of reactive shield coil for wireless charger with multiple coils," 2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), 1-4, San Diego, CA, USA, Jun. 2021.

29. Choi, Semin, Sungryul Huh, Seongho Woo, Haerim Kim, Jedok Kim, GuHo Jung, Khalifa Al Hosani, and Seungyoung Ahn, "EMF reduction method considering efficiency degradation using two reactive shielding coils in multi-transmitter wireless power transfer system," 2022 Wireless Power Week (WPW), 60-63, Bordeaux, France, Jul. 2022.

30. Liu, T. Z. and Z. H. Zhang, "Online identification of joint parameters of electric vehicle wireless charging system based on loop-iteration particle swarm optimization," Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 37, 4548-4564, 2022. Google Scholar

31. Li, Z. Q., J. Li, C. H. Quan, X. Y. Zhang, and S. D. Huang, "Mutual inductance calculation of arbitrarily positioned rectangular coils with magnetic shielding in wireless power transfer systems," Transaction of China Electrotechnical Society, Vol. 37, No. 17, 4294-4305, 2022. Google Scholar

32. Li, Zhongqi, Xinbo Xiong, Pengsheng Kong, and Liquan Ren, "Research on electromagnetic shielding and efficiency optimization technology of wireless power transfer system," Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, Vol. 37, No. 5, 151-162, 2023. Google Scholar

33. Kim, Seonghwan, Hyun-Ho Park, Jonghoon Kim, Jingook Kim, and Seungyoung Ahn, "Design and analysis of a resonant reactive shield for a wireless power electric vehicle," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 62, No. 4, 1057-1066, 2014. Google Scholar

Dr. Xueyi Zhang

Mr. Zhibang Luo

Dr. Sai Zhang

Mr. Bin Li

Dr. Ziyue Gan

Dr. Zhongqi Li