volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents a design of a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) antenna for S-band frequencies using half-octagonal ring slots to achieve significant bandwidth enhancement. The proposed structure integrates a half-octagonal ring slot within the HMSIW cavity to enhance impedance bandwidth by exciting dual resonant modes - TE₁₀₁ and TE₁₀₂. The antenna achieves a measured fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 5.6%, corresponding to an operational range of 3.15 to 3.33 GHz, and a simulated FBW of 5.2% from 3.17 to 3.40 GHz. Compared to conventional cavity-backed SIW antennas, this configuration offers a 50% size reduction while maintaining stable gain between 3.1 dBi and 5.6 dBi and exhibiting a directional linear radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. The integration of dual-resonance excitation within a single compact HMSIW cavity represents a significant advancement in bandwidth enhancement for planar antennas. This design offers a feasible and efficient solution for modern wireless applications requiring miniaturized and compact size in S-band frequencies.

1. Luo, Guo Qing, Zhi Fang Hu, Lin Xi Dong, and Ling Ling Sun, "Planar slot antenna backed by substrate integrated waveguide cavity," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 236-239, 2008.

2. Luo, Guo Qing, Tian Yang Wang, and Xiao Hong Zhang, "Review of low profile substrate integrated waveguide cavity backed antennas," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2013, No. 1, 746920, 2013.

3. Bozzi, Maurizio, Anthimos Georgiadis, and Kaijie Wu, "Review of substrate-integrated waveguide circuits and antennas," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 5, No. 8, 909-920, Jun. 2011.

4. Luo, Guo Qing, Zhi Fang Hu, Wen Jun Li, Xiao Hong Zhang, Ling Ling Sun, and Jian Feng Zheng, "Bandwidth-enhanced low-profile cavity-backed slot antenna by using hybrid SIW cavity modes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 4, 1698-1704, 2012.

5. Yun, Sumin, Dong-Yeon Kim, and Sangwook Nam, "Bandwidth and efficiency enhancement of cavity-backed slot antenna using a substrate removal," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 1458-1461, 2012.

6. Razavi, S. A. and Mohammad H. Neshati, "Development of a linearly polarized cavity-backed antenna using HMSIW technique," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 1307-1310, 2012.

7. Mbaye, Moustapha, Julien Hautcoeur, Larbi Talbi, and Khelifa Hettak, "Bandwidth broadening of dual-slot antenna using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 12, 1169-1171, 2013.

8. Mukherjee, Soumava, Animesh Biswas, and Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava, "Broadband substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed bow-tie slot antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 13, 1152-1155, 2014.

9. Cheng, Tong, Wen Jiang, Shuxi Gong, and Yaqing Yu, "Broadband SIW cavity-backed modified dumbbell-shaped slot antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 5, 936-940, 2019.

10. Yun, Sumin, Dong-Yeon Kim, and Sangwook Nam, "Bandwidth enhancement of cavity-backed slot antenna using a via-hole above the slot," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 1092-1095, 2012.

11. Shi, Yuzhong, Juhua Liu, and Yunliang Long, "Wideband triple- and quad-resonance substrate integrated waveguide cavity-backed slot antennas with shorting vias," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 11, 5768-5775, 2017.

12. Wu, Qi, Jiexi Yin, Chen Yu, Haiming Wang, and Wei Hong, "Broadband planar SIW cavity-backed slot antennas aided by unbalanced shorting vias," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 2, 363-367, 2019.

13. Xiang, Lei, Yan Zhang, Yingrui Yu, and Wei Hong, "Characterization and design of wideband penta- and hepta-resonance SIW elliptical cavity-backed slot antennas," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 111987-111994, 2020.

14. Zhang, Xiao, Ting-Yan Tan, Qiong-Sen Wu, Lei Zhu, Shida Zhong, and Tao Yuan, "Pin-loaded patch antenna fed with a dual-mode SIW resonator for bandwidth enhancement and stable high gain," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 2, 279-283, 2021.

15. Dash, Sounik Kiran Kumar, Qingsha S. Cheng, Rusan Kumar Barik, Fan Jiang, Nrusingha Charan Pradhan, and Karthikeyan S. Subramanian, "A compact SIW cavity-backed self-multiplexing antenna for hexa-band operation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 3, 2283-2288, 2021.

16. Astuti, Dian Widi and Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, "Size reduction of cavity backed slot antenna using half mode substrate integrated waveguide structure," 2018 4th International Conference on Nano Electronics Research and Education (ICNERE), 1-4, Hamamatsu, Japan, Nov. 2018.

17. Wu, Qi, Haiming Wang, Chen Yu, and Wei Hong, "Low-profile circularly polarized cavity-backed antennas using SIW techniques," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 7, 2832-2839, 2016.

18. Chaturvedi, Divya, Arvind Kumar, and Singaravelu Raghavan, "Wideband HMSIW-based slotted antenna for wireless fidelity application," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 13, No. 2, 258-262, 2019.

19. Dashti, Hamideh and Mohammad H. Neshati, "Development of low-profile patch and semi-circular SIW cavity hybrid antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 9, 4481-4488, 2014.

20. Zhou, Jinzhi and Ming Yang, "A low-profile eighth-mode SIW antenna with dual-sense circular polarization, enhanced bandwidth and simple structure," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 144375-144384, 2021.

21. Caytan, Olivier, Sam Lemey, Sam Agneessens, Dries Vande Ginste, Piet Demeester, Caroline Loss, Rita Salvado, and Hendrik Rogier, "Half-mode substrate-integrated-waveguide cavity-backed slot antenna on cork substrate," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 15, 162-165, 2015.

22. Qin, Jiamei, Xuedong Fu, Mingyu Sun, Qiang Ren, and Aixin Chen, "Frequency reconfigurable antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide for S-band and C-band applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 2839-2845, 2020.

23. Astuti, Dian Widi, Yuyu Wahyu, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, and Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, "Hybrid HMSIW cavities antenna with a half-pentagon ring slot for bandwidth enhancement," IEEE Access, Vol. 11, 18417-18426, 2023.

24. Astuti, Dian Widi, Huda A. Majid, Syah Alam, and Andri Setyawan, "A broadband half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity antenna with triple-resonances," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 152, 55-66, 2025.
doi:10.2528/PIERC24101401

25. Srinivas, Lavudya, Gande Arun Kumar, and Gopi Ram, "A novel design of modified I-shaped low profile broadband cavity-backed SIW slot antenna," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 38, No. 6, 724-737, 2024.

26. Astuti, D. W., M. Muslim, U. Umaisaroh, H. A. Majid, S. Alam, and Y. Rahayu, "Broadband HMSIW antenna using a demi hexagonal ring slot for X-band application," Sinergi (Indonesia), Vol. 29, No. 1, 73-82, 2025.
doi:10.22441/sinergi.2025.1.008

27. Astuti, Dian Widi, Rivayanto Rivayanto, Muslim Muslim, Teguh Firmansyah, Dwi Astuti Cahyasiwi, Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak, and Yus Natali, "Bandwidth enhancement for half mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna using defected ground structures," International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, Vol. 69, No. 3, 449-454, 2023.

28. Setyawan, A., D. W. Astuti, M. Alaydrus, and Y. Wahyu, "Bandwidth enhancement of HMSIW antenna using half-octagonal ring slot," J. Commun., Vol. 20, No. 2, 131-140, 2025.

29. Jin, Cheng, Rui Li, Arokiaswami Alphones, and Xiaoyue Bao, "Quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide and its application to antennas design," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 6, 2921-2928, 2013.

30. Pozar, David M., Microwave Engineering, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

Dr. Andri Setyawan

Dr. Dian Widi Astuti

Dr. Mudrik Alaydrus

Dr. Yuyu Wahyu

Dr. Norbahiah Misran