volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A four-port cross-shaped RDRA multiple-input-multiple-output antenna is proposed for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The present investigation targeted the 5G n257 band (26.5-29.5 GHz) with resonance exactly at 28.5 GHz. The proposed DR MIMO antenna is constructed over roger RT duroid 5880 laminates with the floor area 10.4×10.4×0.254 mm³ with the compact DRA of dimension 7.6×7.6×1.5 mm³. Each element of the DRA is fed by conformal fed microstrip line that generates TE_21∂, TE_41∂, TE_11∂, TM_14∂ and TM_41∂ modes. The symmetricity of the structure is maintained by locating four arms of the DRA at a separation of 90°, that generates omnidirectional radiation pattern and offers good radiation diversity. The proposed antenna offers 14% impedance bandwidth with below -15 dB isolation. Following the thorough simulation procedure, it has been verified that the compact MIMO DRA operates exactly at 28.5 GHz. To validate design, a four-port single element DRA operating at 28.5 GHz was simulated in CST studio suite, fabricated via ceramic material and then measured in anechoic chamber. The proposed antenna shows the peak gain of 8.4 dBi with 74% radiation efficiency. Both simulation and measurement observations are used to examine the MIMO parameters. The Envelope correlation coefficient is reported as 0.0125 and Diversity gain is reported as 9.8 in approximately all the cases. The Total Active Reflection Coefficient is found to be 18% at 28.5 GHz in measurement and 18.5% at 28.5 GHz in simulation.

1. Soren, Dipali, Rowdra Ghatak, Rabindra Kishore Mishra, and Dipak Poddar, "Dielectric resonator antennas: Designs and advances," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 60, 195-213, 2014.
doi:10.2528/pierb14031306

2. Petosa, Aldo, Dielectric Resonator Antenna Handbook, Artech House, 2007.

3. Mongia, Rajesh K. and Prakash Bhartia, "Dielectric resonator antennas --- A review and general design relations for resonant frequency and bandwidth," International Journal of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, 230-247, 1994.
doi:10.1002/mmce.4570040304

4. Sharawi, Mohammad S., Symon K. Podilchak, Muhammad U. Khan, and Yahia M. Antar, "Dual‐frequency DRA‐based MIMO antenna system for wireless access points," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 11, No. 8, 1174-1182, 2017.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2016.0671

5. Sharawi, Mohammad S., Muhammad U. Khan, Ahmad B. Numan, and Daniel N. Aloi, "A CSRR loaded MIMO antenna system for ISM band operation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 8, 4265-4274, Aug. 2013.
doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2263214

6. Anab, Muhammad, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, Syed Muhammad Owais, Abbas Ali Khattak, and Asif Sultan, "Design and analysis of millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna for 5G wireless communication systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 98, 239-255, 2020.
doi:10.2528/pierc19102404

7. Pan, Yong Mei, Xin Qin, Yu Xiang Sun, and Shao Yong Zheng, "A simple decoupling method for 5G millimeter-wave MIMO dielectric resonator antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 4, 2224-2234, Apr. 2019.
doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2891456

8. Yan, Jie-Bang and Jennifer T. Bernhard, "Design of a MIMO dielectric resonator antenna for LTE femtocell base stations," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 2, 438-444, Feb. 2012.
doi:10.1109/tap.2011.2174021

9. Murthy, Nimmagadda, "Improved isolation metamaterial inspired mm-Wave MIMO dielectric resonator antenna for 5G application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 100, 247-261, 2020.
doi:10.2528/pierc19112603

10. Al-Falajy, Naser and Omar Y. K. Alani, "Design considerations of ultra dense 5G network in millimeter wave band," 2017 Ninth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), 141-146, Milan, Italy, 2017.
doi:10.1109/icufn.2017.7993764

11. Zhang, Yin, Jing-Ya Deng, Ming-Jie Li, Dongquan Sun, and Li-Xin Guo, "A MIMO dielectric resonator antenna with improved isolation for 5G mm-wave applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 4, 747-751, Apr. 2019.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2019.2901961

12. Sahu, Nikesh Kumar, Gourab Das, Ravi Kumar Gangwar, and Karumudi Rambabu, "An arrangement for four-element MIMO DRA with complementary CP diversity," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 9, 1616-1620, Sep. 2021.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2021.3091644

13. Hu, Yang, Yong Mei Pan, and Mei Di Yang, "Circularly polarized MIMO dielectric resonator antenna with reduced mutual coupling," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 7, 3811-3820, Jul. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3048502

14. Kiran, Duggirala Venkata, Dileep Sankaranarayanan, and Biswajeet Mukherjee, "Compact embedded dual-element rectangular dielectric resonator antenna combining Sierpinski and Minkowski fractals," IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 7, No. 5, 786-791, May 2017.
doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2017.2690463

15. Tiwari, Poonam, Jayant Kumar Rai, Vishant Gahlaut, and Pinku Ranjan, "Compact quad element dual band high gain MIMO rectangular dielectric resonators antenna for 5G millimeter wave application," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 178, 155280, 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2024.155280

16. Wang, Ya-Xing, Zhe Chen, and Tao Yuan, "Design of a dual-band dielectric resonator antenna array for millimeter-wave communication," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 9, 2190-2194, Sep. 2023.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2023.3281351

17. Fang, Xiao Sheng, Kang Ping Shi, and Yu Xiang Sun, "Design of the single-/dual-port wideband differential dielectric resonator antenna using higher order mode," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 9, 1605-1609, Sep. 2020.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2020.3011759

18. Fan, Gonghao, Wei Qin, Yi Guo, Jin Shi, and Ruirui Jiang, "Millimeter-wave wideband dual-beam end-fire dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 24, No. 3, 671-675, Mar. 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3511659

19. Li, Jianxing, Xiaoyan Yu, Shan Gao, Changjiang Li, Sen Yan, and Kai-Da Xu, "Wideband circularly polarized substrate integrated dielectric resonator antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 12, 4378-4382, Dec. 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3448215

20. Cui, Lun-Xue, Xin-Hao Ding, Wen-Wen Yang, Lei Guo, Li-Heng Zhou, and Jian-Xin Chen, "Communication compact dual-band hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for 5G millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 1, 1005-1010, Jan. 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3211389

21. Chen, Zhuohan and Yuandan Dong, "A self-decoupled miniaturized wideband tri-port pattern diversity dielectric resonator antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 12, 4213-4217, Dec. 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3439823

22. Liu, Yan-Ting, Boyuan Ma, Shaode Huang, Shiyan Wang, Zhang Ju Hou, and Wen Wu, "Wideband low-profile connected rectangular ring dielectric resonator antenna array for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 1, 999-1004, Jan. 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3164235

Dr. Garima Sharma

Prof. Mithilesh Kumar